Forer efektua

Forer efektua gizabanakoek beraientzat espresuki, ustez, sortutako nortasun-ezaugarrien deskribapen pertsonalaz duten oniritzi maila altuaren behaketa da, izatez deskribapen hori hain den orokorra eta zehazgabea non pertsona askorentzako balio zezakeen. Norberak egiaztatzearen falazia edo Bernum efektua (P. T. Barnum-en omenez) ere deitzen zaio.

Forer-en frogapena

1948an, Bertram R. Forer psikologoak bere ikasleei nortasun-testa eman zien, eta ondoren ustez emaitzetan oinarritutako nortasun-analisia. Bakoitzak bere analisia aztertzeko eskatu zien eta beraien nortasunaz asmatutakoa baloratzeko (0tik, ez du ezer asmatu; 5era, guztiz asmatu du). Bataz bestea 4.26-koa izan zen. Ondoren guztiei analisi bera eman ziela azaldu zuen:

You have a need for other people to like and admire you, and yet you tend to be critical of yourself. While you have some personality weaknesses you are generally able to compensate for them. You have considerable unused capacity that you have not turned to your advantage. Disciplined and self-controlled on the outside, you tend to be worrisome and insecure on the inside. At times you have serious doubts as to whether you have made the right decision or done the right thing. You prefer a certain amount of change and variety and become dissatisfied when hemmed in by restrictions and limitations. You also pride yourself as an independent thinker; and do not accept others' statements without satisfactory proof. But you have found it unwise to be too frank in revealing yourself to others. At times you are extroverted, affable, and sociable, while at other times you are introverted, wary, and reserved. Some of your aspirations tend to be rather unrealistic.