Bosniako gerrako bortxaketak

Bosniako ekialdeko hilobi masibo baten indusketa. Bosniako serbiar indar armatuetako kideek Fočako gizonezkoak exekutatu zituzten, eta Fočako emakumezkoak atxilotu eta behin eta berriz bortxatu.

Sarajevoko Grbavica auzoa, gerra zibilean hondatua, bortxaketa esparruen kokaleku izan zen, eta Grbavica film saridunaren gaia da.

Bortxaketak, Bosniako gerran (1992-1995), emakumeen aurkako indarkeria sistemiko masiboko politika bat izan ziren. Talde etniko guztietako gizonek egin zituzten bortxaketak; baina gizon horietako gehienak Bosniako Serbiar Errepublikako Armadako (VRS) serbo-bosniar indarretakoak eta serbiar unitate paramilitarretakoak ziren, eta bortxaketa erabili zuten izu tresnatzat eta taktika giltzarritzat, garbiketa etnikoa egiteko beren programaren zati gisa. Egin diren kalkuluek diotenez, gerran bortxatutako emakumeak 10.000 eta 50.000 bitarte izan ziren, eta uste da salatutako bortxaketa bakoitzeko salatu gabeko beste 15 - 20 kasu bitartean daudela.

Jugoslavia ohirako Nazioarteko Zigor Auzitegiak (IKTY) adierazi zuenez, gerra garaian egindako «bortxaketa sistematikoa» eta «sexu esklabotza» gizateriaren aurkako krimena izan zen, eta hori baino larriagoa genozidioaren gerra krimena baino ez da. ICTYk bortxaketa masiboak genozidiotzat tratatu ez zituen arren, askok ondorioztatu dute emakumezko bosniakoen —bosniar musulmanen— bortxaketa masiboak modu antolatu eta sistematikoan egin zirenez, bortxaketa horiek genozidio kanpaina handiago baten parte izan zirela, eta VRSk Bosniako musulman etniaren aurkako bortxaketa genozidaren politika bat egin zuela.

VRSko kide Dragoljub Kunarac epaitu zutenean, estatuko nahiz nazioarteko edozein jurisprudentziatan lehen aldiz, bortxaketa gerra armatzat erabiltzeagatik kondenatu zuten pertsona bat. Serbiar indar paramilitarrek eta militarrek emakume eta haur bosniakoen kontra egindako ankerkeriek hedabideetan izandako estaldura zabalaren ondorioz, serbiar indarren aurkako iritzia zabaldu zen nazioartean. Gerraondoan, hainbat dokumental saridun, film luze eta antzezlan egin ziren, bortxaketen berri eta haien ondorioen berri emateko.

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Kanpo estekak

• Datuak: Q7293896