Hidroponia

Hidroponia^[1] baratzezaintza mota bat da, hidrokultiboen azpimultzo bat, landareak lurrik gabe hazten direna, urez egindako elikagai mineralen disoluzioak erabiliz. Laborantza-landareak, gehienetan laboreak edo sendabelarrak landatzen dira horrela. Landare lurtar edo urtarrak beren sustraiekin hazi daitezke, likido elikagarriaren eraginpean, eta, gainera, sustraiak mekanikoki bermatu daitezke perlita, legarra edo beste substratu batzuk erabiliz, ingurune geldo bat ziurtatuz.^[2]

Ingurune geldoak izan arren, errizosferaren pH-a alda dezakete sustraiek, eta sustraien exudazioak, berriz, errizosferaren biologia eta metabolito sekundarioen bidezko nutrizio-soluzioaren oreka fisiologikoa.^[3]^[4]^[5] Hidroponikoki landutako landare transgenikoek proteina farmazeutikoak askatzea ahalbidetzen dute, sustraien exudazioaren zati gisa.^[6]

Sistema hidroponikoetan erabiltzen diren mantenugaiak iturri organiko edo ez-organiko askotatik etor daitezke, hala nola, arrain-gorotza, ahate-simaurra, erositako ongarri kimikoak edo nutrizio-soluzio artifizialak.

Landareak modu hidroponian hazten dira berotegi batean edo ingurune geldoetan dagoen ingurune batean, ingurumen-nekazaritzarako (IGI) egokituta.^[7] Hidroponoki landu ohi diren landareek tomateak, piperrak, luzokerrak, marrubiak, letxugak eta kanabisa izaten dira, gehienetan merkataritzarako, eta Arabidopsis thaliana, landare-zientziaren eta genetikaren eredu-organismoa.^[8]

Hidroponiak abantaila asko ditu, batez ere nekazaritzan ur gutxiago erabiltzen delako. Laborantza intentsiboko metodoak erabiliz tomate kilo bat landatzeko 214 litro behar dira; hidroponia erabili, 70 litro; aeroponia erabiliz, soilik 20 litro behar dira.^[9]^[10]

Labore hidroponikoel biomasa eta proteina gehiago ekoizten dituzte beste hazkuntza-substratu batzuekin alderatuta. Substratu horiek ingurumen-baldintza beretan landatzen dira eta mantenugai kopuru berdinekin hornitzen dira.^[11]

Hidroponiak askoz ur eta elikagai gutxiago kontsumitzen duenez ekoizteko, eta klima-aldaketak nekazaritzako etekinak arriskuan jartzen dituenez, etorkizunean, ur gutxi duten ingurune gogorretan landatu ahal izango dituzte elikagaiak.^[12]^[7]

Hidroponia ez da Lurrean bakarrik erabiltzen, espazioko landare-ekoizpeneko esperimentuetan ere frogatu da.^[13]

Erreferentziak

↑ Gericke, William F.. (1937). «Hydroponics - crop production in liquid culture media» Science 85 (2198): 177–178. doi:10.1126/science.85.2198.177. PMID 17732930. Bibcode: 1937Sci....85..177G..
↑ Gericke, William F.. (1945). «The meaning of hydroponics» Science 101 (2615): 142–143. doi:10.1126/science.101.2615.142. PMID 17800488. Bibcode: 1945Sci...101..142G..
↑ Nye, P. H.. (1981). «Changes of pH across the rhizosphere induced by roots» Plant and Soil 61 (1–2): 7–26. doi:10.1007/BF02277359..
↑ Walker, T. S.; Bais, H. P.; Grotewold, E.; Vivanco, J. M.. (2003). «Root exudation and rhizosphere biology» Plant Physiology 132 (1): 44–51. doi:10.1104/pp.102.019661. OCLC .1540314 PMID 12746510..
↑ Suryawanshi, Yogesh. (2021). «Hydroponic Cultivation Approaches to Enhance the Contents of the Secondary Metabolites in Plants.» Biotechnological Approaches to Enhance Plant Secondary Metabolites CRC Press.: 71–88. doi:10.1201/9781003034957-5. ISBN 9781003034957..
↑ Horn, M.E.; Woodard, S.L.; Howard, J.A.. (2004). «Plant molecular farming: systems and products» Plant Cell Reports 22 (10): 711–720. doi:10.1007/s00299-004-0767-1..
↑ ^a ^b (Ingelesez) «The future of farming: hydroponics» PSCI.
↑ (Ingelesez) «A simplified hydroponic culture of Arabidopsis» Bio-101.
↑ (Ingelesez) «How much water is needed to produce food and how much do we waste?» The Guardian.
↑ Zhang, He; Asutosh, Ashish; Hu, Wei. (2018-11-27). «Implementing Vertical Farming at University Scale to Promote Sustainable Communities: A Feasibility Analysis» Sustainability 10 (12): 4429. doi:10.3390/su10124429. ISSN 2071-1050.. The paper describes the authors statistical concept modeling in determining the potential advantages of developing a vertical farm at Huazhong University of Science and Technology. While the figures are conservative and project the farm's profitability in 10 to 20 years, it is based on metadata and not on direct observation.
↑ Nagel, K.A.; Kastenholz, B.; Gilmer, F.; Schurr, U.; Walter, A.. (2010). «Novel detection system for plant protein production of pharmaceuticals and impact on conformational diseases» Protein and Peptide Letters 17 (6): 723–731. doi:10.2174/092986610791190282. PMID 20015023..
↑ Compare: Gericke, William F.. (1938). «Crop production without soil» Nature 141 (3569): 536–540. doi:10.1038/141536a0. Bibcode: 1938Natur.141..536G..
↑ Stutte, G. W.; Newsham, G.; Morrow, R. M.; Wheeler, R. M.. (2012). «Concept for Sustained Plant Production on ISS Using VEGGIE Capillary Mat Rooting System» 41st International Conference on Environmental Systems 17-21 July 2011, Portland, Oregon: 1–17. doi:10.2514/6.2011-5263. ISBN 978-1-60086-948-8..

Kanpo estekak

Datuak: Q191667
Multimedia: Hydroponics / Q191667

[:-1-1] Gericke, William F.. (1937). «Hydroponics - crop production in liquid culture media» Science 85 (2198): 177–178. doi:10.1126/science.85.2198.177. PMID 17732930. Bibcode: 1937Sci....85..177G..

[2] Gericke, William F.. (1945). «The meaning of hydroponics» Science 101 (2615): 142–143. doi:10.1126/science.101.2615.142. PMID 17800488. Bibcode: 1945Sci...101..142G..

[3] Nye, P. H.. (1981). «Changes of pH across the rhizosphere induced by roots» Plant and Soil 61 (1–2): 7–26. doi:10.1007/BF02277359..

[4] Walker, T. S.; Bais, H. P.; Grotewold, E.; Vivanco, J. M.. (2003). «Root exudation and rhizosphere biology» Plant Physiology 132 (1): 44–51. doi:10.1104/pp.102.019661. OCLC .1540314 PMID 12746510..

[taylorfrancis.com-5] Suryawanshi, Yogesh. (2021). «Hydroponic Cultivation Approaches to Enhance the Contents of the Secondary Metabolites in Plants.» Biotechnological Approaches to Enhance Plant Secondary Metabolites CRC Press.: 71–88. doi:10.1201/9781003034957-5. ISBN 9781003034957..

[6] Horn, M.E.; Woodard, S.L.; Howard, J.A.. (2004). «Plant molecular farming: systems and products» Plant Cell Reports 22 (10): 711–720. doi:10.1007/s00299-004-0767-1..

[:-2-7] (Ingelesez) «The future of farming: hydroponics» PSCI.

[8] (Ingelesez) «A simplified hydroponic culture of Arabidopsis» Bio-101.

[9] (Ingelesez) «How much water is needed to produce food and how much do we waste?» The Guardian.

[10] Zhang, He; Asutosh, Ashish; Hu, Wei. (2018-11-27). «Implementing Vertical Farming at University Scale to Promote Sustainable Communities: A Feasibility Analysis» Sustainability 10 (12): 4429. doi:10.3390/su10124429. ISSN 2071-1050.. The paper describes the authors statistical concept modeling in determining the potential advantages of developing a vertical farm at Huazhong University of Science and Technology. While the figures are conservative and project the farm's profitability in 10 to 20 years, it is based on metadata and not on direct observation.

[:-3-11] Nagel, K.A.; Kastenholz, B.; Gilmer, F.; Schurr, U.; Walter, A.. (2010). «Novel detection system for plant protein production of pharmaceuticals and impact on conformational diseases» Protein and Peptide Letters 17 (6): 723–731. doi:10.2174/092986610791190282. PMID 20015023..

[12] Compare: Gericke, William F.. (1938). «Crop production without soil» Nature 141 (3569): 536–540. doi:10.1038/141536a0. Bibcode: 1938Natur.141..536G..

[13] Stutte, G. W.; Newsham, G.; Morrow, R. M.; Wheeler, R. M.. (2012). «Concept for Sustained Plant Production on ISS Using VEGGIE Capillary Mat Rooting System» 41st International Conference on Environmental Systems 17-21 July 2011, Portland, Oregon: 1–17. doi:10.2514/6.2011-5263. ISBN 978-1-60086-948-8..

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