UNESCO

UNESCO
Datuak
Izen laburra	UNESCO
Mota	Nazio Batuen agentzia espezializatua, nazioarteko erakundea eta gobernu arteko erakundea
Herrialdea	Frantzia
Jarduera
Kide kopurua	193 (2019)
Eskumendekoak	UNESCO Chair on Cyberspace and Culture (en) , Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment (en) , UNESCO Institute for Statistics (en) , Iranian National Commission for UNESCO (en) eta Hylean Amazon Institute (en)
Negozio dibisioak	UNESCO office United States (en) , UNESCO office Qatar (en) , UNESCO office Netherlands (en) eta UNESCO office Egypt (en)
Agintea
Lehendakaria	Audrey Azoulay
Egoitza nagusi (1958–)	«World Heritage Centre» place de Fontenoy , 7 Paris 48.8453°N 2.3072°E / 48.8453; 2.3072
Jabea	Nazio Batuen Erakundea
Zeren jabe	The Symbolic Globe (en)
Historia
Sorrera	1945eko azaroaren 16a
Jasotako sariak	Peabody Awards  (1958)
webgune ofiziala

Hezkuntza, Zientzia eta Kulturarako Nazio Batuen Erakundea edo UNESCO (ingelesez: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) hezkuntza, zientzia eta kulturarako Nazio Batuen erakundea da.

1945eko azaroaren 16an sortu zuten Londresen. Munduko herrialde behartsuetan ikastetxeak egiten laguntzen du, baita liburuak argitaratu eta literatura eta hizkuntza gutxituak sustatu ere. Egungo presidentea Audrey Azoulay frantziarra da.

UNESCOren helburua bakea eta segurtasuna da lortzea hezkuntza, zientzia eta kulturaren bidez. Esan bezala, erakundeak herrien garapena lortu nahi du baliabide natural eta kulturaren bidez. Munduko herriak modernizatu eta aurreratzea haren xedea da, baina kulturaren aniztasuna eta nortasuna galdu gabe. Erakundeak lan handia egiten du herriak alfabetatzen: hartarako, eskolak eraikitzen ditu, baita irakasleak trebatu ere.

UNESCOren helburu nagusiak, laburbilduta, hauek dira:

• Denentzat, kalitateko hezkuntza lortzea eta etengabeko ikasketa.
• Zientzia bultzatzea, garapen iraunkorra lortzeko.
• Gizarte- eta etika- erronka berriei aurre egitea.
• Kultura askotarikoa, bakea eta elkarrizketa sustatzea.
• Komunikazioa eta informazioa erabiltzea, herri-jakintza eraikitzeko.

Lan handiena Afrikan egiten du.

Historia

Sorrera

UNESCOren jatorria 1921eko irailaren 19ra jarraitu daiteke, non Nazioen Ligaren Batzarrak nazioarteko kooperazio intelektuala garatuko zuen komisio baten aukeraketa eskatu zuen. Kooperazio intelektual horren barnean hezkuntza hitza azaltzen ez den arren, alor garratzitsuenetakoa da; garapen kultural eta zientifikoaz gain.

Eskakizunaren erantzun moduan, 1922ko urtarrilaren 4an, Kooperazio Intelektualaren Nazioarteko Batzordea (International Committee on Intellectual Cooperation, ICIC) eratu zen. Kontsulta-erakunde hau Nazioen Ligaren komisioa zen, Mendebaldeko Europa inguruan garatua. Erakundearen zuzendarietako batzuk Henri Bergson (1922-1925), H. A. Lorentz (1925-1928) eta Gilbert Murray (1928-1939) izan ziren; beste partaide aipagarri batzuk Albert Einstein, Marie Curie, Robert A. Millikan, eta Gonzague de Reynold izanik. Hurrenez, ICICaren erakunde betearazle bezala Kooperazio Intelektualerako Nazioarteko Institutua (International Institute for Intellectual Cooperation, IIIC) eratu zen 1924ko irailean, Parisen. Halaber, II. Mundu Gerrak erakundeen lana eten zuen.

Organizazio pribatu eta garaikideen artean, 1925eko abenduan Nazioarteko Hezkuntza Bulegoa (International Bureau of Education, IBE) sortu zen. Gonernuz Kanpoko Erakunde (GKE) bezala jardun dute nazioarteko hezkuntza ahaleginak bultzatzen beren sorkuntzatik, 1952an komisio bateratua eratu eta 2021. urtean UNESCOren parte bilakatu zirelarik.

After the signing of the Atlantic Charter and the Declaration of the United Nations, the Conference of Allied Ministers of Education (CAME) began meetings in London which continued from 16 November 1942 to 5 December 1945. On 30 October 1943, the necessity for an international organization was expressed in the Moscow Declaration, agreed upon by China, the United Kingdom, the United States and the USSR. This was followed by the Dumbarton Oaks Conference proposals of 9 October 1944. Upon the proposal of CAME and in accordance with the recommendations of the United Nations Conference on International Organization (UNCIO), held in San Francisco in April–June 1945, a United Nations Conference for the establishment of an educational and cultural organization (ECO/CONF) was convened in London 1–16 November 1945 with 44 governments represented. The idea of UNESCO was largely developed by Rab Butler, the Minister of Education for the United Kingdom, who had a great deal of influence in its development. At the ECO/CONF, the Constitution of UNESCO was introduced and signed by 37 countries, and a Preparatory Commission was established. The Preparatory Commission operated between 16 November 1945, and 4 November 1946—the date when UNESCO's Constitution came into force with the deposit of the twentieth ratification by a member state.

The first General Conference took place from 19 November to 10 December 1946, and elected Dr. Julian Huxley to Director-General. U.S. Colonel, University president and civil rights advocate Dr. Blake R. Van Leer joined as a member as well. The Constitution was amended in November 1954 when the General Conference resolved that members of the Executive Board would be representatives of the governments of the States of which they are nationals and would not, as before, act in their personal capacity. This change in governance distinguished UNESCO from its predecessor, the ICIC, in how member states would work together in the organization's fields of competence. As member states worked together over time to realize UNESCO's mandate, political and historical factors have shaped the organization's operations in particular during the Cold War, the decolonization process, and the dissolution of the USSR.

Erakundearen egitura

Idazkaritza

Idazkaritza UNESCO erakundearen arlo betearazlea da. Zuzenari-Generalak eta honek hautaturiko Staff edo pertsonalak osatzen dute. Pertsonala, Zerbitzu profesional eta Zerbitzu Generalen kategoriatan sailkatzen da; orohar, 700 langileetara heltzen delarik, erakundearen mundu osoko 53 ofizinetan banatuak.

Zuzendari-Generalak

UNESCOko zuzendariak, gaur egun lau urteko termino baten ostean elekzio bidez bozkatzen dira Konferentzia Generalean. Hasiera batean terminoak 6 urtekoak ziren bitartean. UNESCOko zuzendari-generalen zerrenda:

Batzorde exekutiboa

The Executive Board ensures the overall management of UNESCO. It prepares the work of the General Conference and sees that its decisions are properly carried out. The functions and responsibilities of the Executive Board are derived primarily from the Constitution and from rules or directives laid down by the General Conference.

Every two years the General Conference assigns specific tasks to the Board. Other functions stem from agreements concluded between UNESCO and the United Nations, the specialized UN agencies and other intergovernmental organizations.

The Executive Board’s fifty-eight members are elected by the General Conference. The choice of these representatives is largely a matter of the diversity of the cultures they represent, as well as their geographic origin. Skillful negotiations may be needed before a balance is reached among the different regions of the world in a way that will reflect the universality of the Organization. The Executive Board meets twice a year.

• The Executive Board is one of the three constitutional organs of UNESCO (the others being the General Conference and the Secretariat) and it is elected by the General Conference.
• Acting under the authority of the General Conference the Board examines the programme of work for the Organization and corresponding budget estimates submitted to it by the Director-General.
• It consists of 58 Member States each with a four-year term of office.

UNESCOren estatu parte-hartzaileak

Azken datuen arabera, 2022ko ekainean, UNESCOk 193 estatu parte-hartzaile eta 11 estatu erlazionatu ditu.

UNESCOko GKE ofizialak

UNESCO 322 nazioarteko gobernuz kanpoko erakunderekin (GKE) erlazionaturik dago:

• Co-ordinating Committee for International Voluntary Service (CCIVS).

• Education International (EI).
• International Association of Universities (IAU).
• International Baccalaureate (IB).
• International Council for Film, Television and Audiovisual Communication (IFTC).
• International Council for Philosophy and Humanistic Studies (Conseil International de Philosophie et des Sciences Humaines; publishes Diogenes (CIPSH).
• International Council of Museums (ICOM).
• International Council of Organizations of Folklore Festivals and Folk Arts (Conseil International des Organisations de Festivals de Folklore et d'Arts Traditionnels) (CIOFF).
• International Council of Sport Science and Physical Education (ICSSPE).
• International Council on Archives (ICA).
• International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS).
• International Federation of Journalists (IFJ).
• International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA).
• International Federation of Poetry Associations (IFPA).
• International Music Council (IMC).
• International Police Association (IPA).
• International Science Council (formerly ICSU and ISSC) (ISC).
• International Scientific Council for Island Development (INSULA).
• International Theatre Institute (ITI).
• International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN).
• International Union of Technical Associations and Organizations (IUTAO).
• Union of International Associations (UIA).
• World Association of Newspapers (WAN).
• World Federation of Engineering Organizations (WFEO).
• World Federation of UNESCO Clubs, Centres and Associations (WFUCA).

Izendapen eta Zerrendak

• Gizateriaren Ondare
• Biosferaren Erreserba
• Geoparke Globalak
• Hiri kreatiboak
• Mugikortasun Akademikoen Sarea
• Ondare Kultural Intangiblea
• Galtzear dauden Hizkuntzen Atlasa

Kanpo estekak

• UNESCOren webgune ofiziala
• Unescok eta Ikuspegik egindako "Hizkuntzak eta Immigrazioa" txostenari buruz Argia astekarian (2008-06-15)

• Datuak: Q7809
• Multimedia: UNESCO