The toggle harpoon is a piercing retrieving weapon driven into the animal by means of a shaft. The toggle is attached to the end of a line, and when the shaft is withdrawn it turns crosswise in the body of the game, enabling the hunter to retrieve. In the simplest forms a pointed bone serves for a toggle, but in the whaling harpoons much ingenuity has been exercised in perfecting the various parts, namely, the blade, the hinge, the barb, the socket, the line, the loose shaft, and the shaft. In some examples poison and explosives are used. There is a form of toggle used in catching water birds, fish, and crocodiles which is baited, and thus becomes a fishhook or gorge. The Aleuts shoot the sea otter with a delicate arrow which has all the parts of the toggle harpoon, and thus becomes a toggle arrow. For the smaller seal the Eskimos of Norton Sound employ a very light harpoon, which is a model of delicacy and effectiveness. It is lanced from a spear thrower. In the same and in adjoining regions the large whale toggle is found of the same pattern, but clumsy looking, and it is used in the hand as well as lanced from a spear thrower. In the neighborhood of Point Barrow a seal is shot with a rifle from the edge of the ice and then retrieved by hurling a toggle harpoon at it in order to get a hold.

No. 1. Toggle harpoon of Shasta Indians. Toggle, a bone 3 inches long, pointed at one end, socketed at the other, and attached in the middle to a cord of hemp covered with a coating of pitch. Califoi'nia 76,199

No. 2. Toggle harpoons of the Hupas, in three parts ; points of bone or iron ; double bone barbs ; rawhide leader ; held together by a wrapping of twine covered with pitch ; socket for the shaft between the barbs ; line

of hemp. California 126,525

No. 3. Toggle harpoon heads fi-om North Pacific tribes, similar in structure to No. 2, with the addition of arrowheads for points ; lines woolded with

cotton string 34,397, 74,175

No. 4. Similar in structure to No. 2, with the addition of a barbed harpoon head for point ; line in one example woolded. From Nimpkish Indians,

British Columbia 129,980

No. 5. Toggle harpoon head for whale fishing. Body of whale's bone with line hole across the middle ; blade of flaked chert inserted in a saw cut in

front. Point Barrow, Alaska 89,749

No. 6. Toggle harpoons from Norton Sound, Alaska. Body of bone ; barb single, beveled upwards ; blades of slate and ivory ; sockets for loose shaft in the butt end ; becket of rawhide for attachment to the great

line 169,104. 7,422

No. 7. Toggle harpoon from Alaska, with double barb and steel blade; becket of seal hide ; leader, of sinew twine, attaches the blade to the becket ; blade cover two pieces of wood lashed together with spruce root,

16,125

No. 8. Toggle harpoon {Tokung), from Cumberland Gulf. Body flat and line

hole concealed underneath ; blade of iron riveted in ; barbs two, flat.

The type also of western Asia 34,070

No. 9. Toggle harpoon from Alaska. Body of walrus ivory, with two or three barbs; blades of metal. In this example the loose shaft is shown fixed

in its socket. Ornamented after Russian motives 37,945

No. 10. Toggle harpoon head from Nunivak, Alaska, showing the method of hinging the foreshaft and wooden cover for the head. Body of walrus

ivory, with two bai+>s, decorated 176,222

No. 11. Toggle harpoons from the Eskimos of Mackenzie River, similar to the foregoing in general outline, but furnished with barbs on the iron blades or on the body. Combination of barbed harpoon head with

the toggle harpoon 3,975, 2,092, 7,422

No. 12. Seal harpoon with toggle head and foreshaft. Line of seal hide; bone detacher 72,397

No. 13. Toggle harpoon head of iron for swordfish, with hastate point and lateral flukes or barbs; line hole across the middle; shaft works in