Lankide:Itsaso Pajares 1s/Proba orria

Jack Patrick Dorsey 1976ko azaroaren 19an jaiotako programatzaile eta interneteko enpresari Estatubatuarra da. Twitter sare sozialeko antolaketaburu eta sortzaileetako bat da; baita Square(mugikorretik egindako ordainketen kudeaketa konpainia)-ko buru eta sortzailea da.

EDUKIAK

• Bizitza goiztiarra
• Lan karrera
  • Twitter
  • Square, Inc.
  • Bestelako proiektuak
• Bizitza pertsonala
• Filantropia
• Sariak eta aitorpena
• Erreferentziak
• Irakurketa gehiago
• Kanpo estekak

Bizitza goiztiarra

St. Louis-en, Ameriketako Missouri estatuan, jaio eta hezi zen. Bere gurasoak Tim eta Marcia Dorsey dira, bere familiaren jatorria Erresuma Batuan, Italian eta Irlandan duelarik. Bere aitak masa espektrometroak garatzen zituen enpresa batean lan egiten zuen, eta ama, berriz, etxeko lanetan aritzen zen. Giro katoliko batean hezi zen, izan ere, bere osaba osaba Cincinnatiko apaiz katolikoa da. Bishop DuBourg eskola katolikora joan zen txikitan. Gaztaroan, Dorseyk noizean behin moda industrian modelo gisa lan egin zuen. Hamalau urte zituela, Dorseyk dispatch routing-ean interesa piztu zuen. Izan ere, hamalau urtekin sortu zituen hainbat software ireki horaindik erabiliak izan ohi dira zenbait taxi konpainietan. Dorsey-k Missouri-Rolla-ko Unibertsitatean bi urte eman zituen (1995-1997), New York-eko Unibertsitatera aldatu aurretik, baina 1999an bertan behera utzi zuen ikasturtea. Eta NYU-an zegoen bitartean aurera eraman nahi izan zuen proiektuaren ideia bururatu zitzaion, Twitter.

Programatzaile lanetan zegoelarik, Kaliforniara joan zen bizitzera. 2000 urtean, Dorsey-ek enpresa bat sortu zuen Oakland-en, eta mezularitza, taxiak eta larrialdi zerbitzuak internetetik kudeatzen hasi zen. Une honetan garatu zituen beste proiektu eta ideia batzuk gailu medikoen sareak eta "marruskadurarik gabeko zerbitzuen merkatua" izan ziren.

2000ko uztailean, LiveJournal-ek eta AOL Instant Messenger-ek inspiratuta, denbora errealeko egoera kontatzean edota mezu laburren bitarteko komunikazioan oinarritutako web-sistema baten ideia izan zuen.

Berehalako mezularitzaren lehen hurratsak ikusi zituenean, erabiltzaileen egoera irekian eta lagun artean erraz partekatu zitekeen galdetu zion bere buruari. Odeo sare soziala aztertu zuen orduan, hura baitzen garaiko aurreratuena arlo hartan. Dorseyk eta Biz Stone-k erabaki zuten SMS-testuak egoera-mezuen ideiarekin ondo konbina litekeela eta bi aste ingurutan Twitterren lehen prototipoa eraiki zuten. Ideiak Odeo-ko erabiltzaile asko erakarri zituen eta Evan Williams-ek proiektuan inbertitzea erabaki zuen, orain zela gutxi Google-etik aldendu baitzen, Pyra Labs eta Blogger saldu ondoren.

Lan karrera

Twitter[edit]

Main article: Twitter

Dorsey in 2008

Williams, Stone and Noah Glass co-founded Obvious Corporation, which then spun off Twitter, Inc., with Dorsey as the Chief Executive Officer (CEO). As CEO, Dorsey saw the startup through two rounds of funding by venture capitalists. He reportedly lost his position for leaving work early to enjoy other pursuits, such as yoga and fashion design.

As the service began to grow in popularity, Dorsey chose the improvement of uptime as top priority, even over creating revenue – which, as of 2008, Twitter was not designed to earn. Dorsey described the commercial use of Twitter and its API as two things that could lead to paid features. He says his three guiding principles, which he says the company shares, are simplicity, constraint and craftsmanship.

On October 16, 2008, Williams took over as CEO, while Dorsey became chairman of the board. On March 28, 2011, Dorsey returned to Twitter as executive chairman after Dick Costolo replaced Williams as CEO. On June 10, 2015, Costolo announced that he was resigning as CEO of Twitter, effective July 1, 2015. Dorsey would assume the post of interim CEO upon Costolo's departure. He was named permanent CEO of Twitter on October 5, 2015. On the day after the controversy about Twitter's new algorithms for tweets, Dorsey said it was only a hoax.

Dorsey and President Barack Obama at Twitter Town Hall in July 2011

In May 2016, Dorsey announced that Twitter would not count photos and links in the 140-character limit to free up more space for text. This was an attempt to entice new users, since the number of tweets per day had dropped to about 300 million in January 2016 from about 500 million in September 2013 and its peak of 661 million in August 2014.

On November 22, 2016, Dorsey was briefly suspended from his own Twitter account with 3.9 million followers. After restoring the account, Dorsey tweeted that the suspension was due to an "internal mistake".

In February 2017, Dorsey and Executive Chairman Omid Kordestani matched a $530,000 donation to the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) raised by Twitter staffers. Their match brought the total donation to $1.59 million.

In March 2018, Dorsey announced that an improved version of the verification system is coming to Twitter. The purpose of redesigning verification is to let people verify more facts about themselves, emphasizing proof of identity. The overhaul was not in place before the U.S midterm election of 2018 to help in verifying the identities of the candidates.

In September 2018, Dorsey testified before the Senate Intelligence Committee alongside Facebook COO Sheryl Sandberg about meddling in the 2016 presidential election. Following this testimony, Twitter shares fell 6%.

President Donald Trump with Dorsey in the Oval Office of the White House on April 23, 2019

Dorsey met privately with U.S. President Donald Trump at the White House and discussed Trump's concerns that Twitter had limited or removed some of his Twitter followers, and those of conservatives. After the meeting, Dorsey tweeted that their discussion included making Twitter "healthier and more civil". A week earlier, Dorsey took part in a TED talk about the social media platform's spread of abuse and misinformation, which has brought him criticism.

On August 30, 2019, Dorsey's personal Twitter account was allegedly breached for nearly an hour by a group calling itself the Chuckling Squad, posting and retweeting numerous racist tweets.

On October 23, 2019, Twitter's stock price fell by nearly 24%, from $38.83 to $30.75. The reason was an earnings miss off a third-quarter report, which Twitter blamed on ad targeting problems. Dorsey had been making a concerted effort to dampen the effect that Twitter had on political elections, which entailed banning all political ads. This was also seen as a large contributor to the drop. Dorsey announced that, as of November 22, 2019, Twitter would ban all political advertising. The policy applies globally to all marketing campaigns about political issues.

Square, Inc.[edit]

Main article: Square, Inc.

Dorsey, along with co-founder Jim McKelvey, developed a small business platform to accept debit and credit card payments on a mobile device called Square, released in May 2010. The small, square-shaped device attaches to iPhone, iPad, iPod Touch, or Android devices via the headphone jack, and as a mini card reader, allows a person to swipe their card, choose an amount to transfer to the recipient and then sign their name for confirmation. Square is also a system for sending paperless receipts via text message or email, and is available as a free app for iOS and Android OS. The company grew from 10 employees in December 2009 to over 100 by June 2011. Square's office is on Market Street in San Francisco. In September 2012, Business Insider magazine valued Square Inc. at US$3.2 billion. Dorsey is CEO of Square, Inc. On October 14, 2015, Square filed for an IPO to be listed on the New York Stock Exchange. As of that date, Dorsey owned 24.4% of the company.

Other projects[edit]

In 2013, talking to CNN, Dorsey expressed admiration for Michael Bloomberg and his reinvention through design and simple interfaces of what it means to be mayor. Dorsey thinks becoming mayor of New York City is an aspiration that would raise the bar for him. He served as a judge for New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg's NYC BigApps competition in 2011. Dorsey is an on-record donor to Democratic Party candidates.

Dorsey was announced as a new member of the board of directors of The Walt Disney Company on December 24, 2013. In January 2018, it was reported that Dorsey would not seek reelection at Disney's March annual meeting, due to increased difficulty with conflicts of interest.

Dorsey is a board member of the Berggruen Institute's Governance Center.

Bizitza pertsonala

In 2012, Dorsey moved to the Sea Cliff neighborhood of San Francisco. He walks five miles to work each morning and calls it a "very clearing time". He is a fan of Kendrick Lamar's music and of French radio station FIP. In late 2017, Dorsey completed ten days of meditation known as Vipassanā taught by followers of S. N. Goenka. Dorsey said he was "aware of the human rights atrocities" in Myanmar. Dorsey has contributed financially to the campaigns of Democratic presidential candidates Tulsi Gabbard and Andrew Yang.

Filantropia

In March 2016, Dorsey fully funded about 600 Missouri public school projects registered at DonorsChoose.

In October 2019, Dorsey donated $350,000 to #TeamTrees, a nonprofit started by YouTuber MrBeast that pledged to plant 20 million trees by the end of 2019.

Sariak eta aitorpena

Biz Stone and Dorsey accepting a Crunchie award for best mobile startup

• In 2008, he was named to the MIT Technology Review TR35 as one of the top 35 innovators in the world under the age of 35.
• In 2012, The Wall Street Journal gave him the "Innovator of the Year Award" for technology.
• At the 5th Annual Crunchies Awards in 2012, hosted by TechCrunch, Dorsey was named Founder of the Year.
• In 2013, he was considered by Forbes the world's most eligible bachelor.
• Dorsey was ranked by Fox Business as the #4 Worst CEO of 2016, citing stagnant growth, falling stock prices, and his part-time commitment to Twitter.
• In 2017, 24/7 Wall Street listed Dorsey among the 2017 Worst CEOs in America.