Modulu:Wikidata

Moduluaren dokumentazioa

Hemen erakusten dena /dok azpiorrialdeko dokumentazioa da. [kodearen kutxara saltatu]

---

Modulu honek Wikidatatik datuak ateratzen ditu eta formatua ematen die.

Oinarrizko funtzioak

• claim: Adierazpen baten balioa (edo balioak) edo adierazpen baten kualifikadorea ematen du, aurrez esandako formatuan. Defektuz txertatuta dagoen artikuluaren itema bilatzen du (Qnnnn).

Beste funtzio batzuk:

• getParentValues: propietate baten emaitzak eta etiketak ematen ditu, gorantz, era errekurtsiboan.
• getTAValue: TA98 (Terminologia Anatomicaren lehen edizioa, 1998) emaitza ematen du P1323 propietatean. Ez ditu parametroak eskaintzen baina zerrenda bat ematen du kanpo-loturen formatu egokiarekin.
• ViewSomething: datu egituratuetako edozein gauza itzultzen du, etiketak, deskribapenak, erreferentziak edo interwiki loturak barne.
• years_old: pertsona baten adina itzultzen du: jaiotza data (p569) eta heriotza data (p570) arteko diferentzia eginez, edo ez badago P570 propietaterik, gaurko egunaren eta jaiotza data (p569) arteko aldea kalkulatzen du. Datuen prezisioaren arabera zifra bat edo bi ematen ditu. Bi datuetako bat mendeen arabera zehaztuta dagoenean ez du emaitzarik ematen.
  • Honako sintaxia erabiltzen du: {{#invoke:Wikidata |formatting=''tipus pattern'' |item= }}. item eta formatting hautazkoak dira. Formatu adibide bat izango litzateke ($1 urte)

Sintaxi osoa

{{#invoke:Wikidata|claim|property= |qualifier= |value= |list= |tablesort= |formatting= |separator= |conjunction= |item= |showerrors= |default= }}

Taula formatua emateko sintaxi osagarria

{{#invoke:Wikidata|claim|property= |qualifier= |qualifier2= |...|qualifier9= |tablesort= |rowformat= |rowsubformat1= |...|rowsubformat9= |formatting=table |separator= |conjunction= |item= |showerrors= |default= }}

Claim funtzioaren parametroak

• property= (beharrezkoa) Adierazpenaren propietatea, "P" eta zenbaki bat emanez. Wikidatako propietate guztien zerrenda ikusteko Propietateen zerrenda ikusi. Letra txikiz ere idatzi daiteke p, baina ez da gomendatzen. Propietatearen etiketa ere sar daiteke, adibidez property=herrialdea jartzen badugu property=P17 batean herrialdea (P17) jartzea bezalakoa da.
• qualifier= (aukeran) Kualifikatzailearen propietatea, "P" bat eta, jarraian, zenbaki bat. Wikidatako elementuan lotura agertzen da. p txikia ere sar daiteke, baina ez da formatu lehenetsia.
• value= (aukeran) Wikidatako balore preferentea. Izan daiteke txantiloian erabiltzen den parametro bat, {{{parametro|}}} formatoarekin. Horrela parametro horren balioa hartzen du eta, ez balego, Wikidatako balioa.
• list= (aukeran). Defektuz list=true hartzen du eta itemak dituen adierazpen eta kualifikatzaile guztiak ematen dizkigu (ikus separator eta conjuction).
  • list=false Balio bakarra ematen digu, mailarik altuena duena preferente/arrunta/obsolotoa mailaketaren arabera, edo mailarik altuena duenetik zaharrena.
  • list=firstrank Mailarik altuena duten baloreen zerrenda egiten du. list=true bezalakoa da adierazpen guztien maila berdina baldin bada.
  • tablesort=0 (aukeran) zerrendaren antolaketa gorantz egitea. Defektuz antolaketa mailaren arabera eta Wikidatako adierazpenaren antzinakotasunaren arabera ematen da.
• formatting= (aukeran) Nahi dugun formatua. Honako baloreak eman dakioke:
  • Elementuaren formatua (entity):
    • formatting=raw Elementuaren zenbakia emango digu.
    • formatting=label Elementuaren etiketa emango digu.
    • formatting=sitelink Elementuaren Wikipediako orrialdearen izenburua emango digu.
    • formatting=internallink Barne lotura posible baldin bda, izan Wikipediako loturarekin (sitelink) edo etiketarekin. Ez badago Wikipediako loturarik baina etiketaren bat baldin badago, defektuz Wikidatako lotura bat emango digu, gorriz. Etiketarik ez balego, ingelerazko etiketa hartzen du defektuz.
    • formatting=pattern Patroi baten araberako formatua, $1 erabiltzen aldatu behar den elementu gisa.

    Txantiloiak edo parser funtzioak sar daitezke honako formatua erabilita: {{((}}txantiloia{{!}}parametroa{{!}}izena{{=}}parametroa{{))}}

    Defektuz ematen den formatua lotura batena izango da.

  • Testu formatua (string):
    • formatting=weblink Kanpo lotura formatua [http://example.com example.com]
    • formatting=pattern $1 patroia erabiltzen du aldatu behar den parametro gisa. Adibidez: formatting=[http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/$1 $1]. Wikidatak lotura sortzen duen propietate motatan erabiltzen da, eta patro egokia propietatearen eztabaida orrialdean aurki daiteke.
  • Zenbaki formatua (quantity):
    • formatting=unit Zenbaki formatua, unitatea barne.
    • formatting=unitcode Zenbaki formatua, unitatearen laburdura jarriz, Modulu:Wikidata/Units moduluan zehazten duenaren arabra.
  • Formatu eleanitza (monolingualtext):
    • formatting=language Parametroaren balioa lortu nahi dugun hizkuntza kodea, monolingual text formatua duten parametroetarako, hala nola izen ofiziala (P1448).
    • formatting=text monolingual text formatua duten propietateetarako bertsio berezi bat da, bakar-bakarrik testua eskuratuz, formatting gabe eksatzen badugu hizkuntzaren kodea jasotzen baitu <span lang="en">United...</span>.
    • formatting=eu edo beste hizkuntza bateko balioa. Balio bakarra ematen du, kasu honetan monolingual text balio ezberdinen katalanezko bertsioa. Adibidez: etiketaren forma femeninoa (P2521).
  • Koordenatuen formatua (globecoordinate):
    • formatting=latitude Koordenatu adierazpen baten latitudea, formatu dezimalean
    • formatting=longitude Koordenatu adierazpen baten luzera, formatu dezimalean
    • formatting=dimension Koordenatu adierazpen baten dimentsioaren balioa, metrotan, koordenatuen mapentzako dim parametroa emateko.
    • formatting=globe (defektuz) {{koord}} txantiloiko globe parametroa ematen du, Lurretik kanpoko koordenaturen bat beharko balitz, erabiltzeko. Datuak [[Modulu:

Valor del paràmetre globe de la plantilla:coord, necessari per coordenades fora de la Terra. Les dades estan definides al Modulu:Gorputz zeleste/datuak moduluan zehaztu beharko lirateke (EGITEKE).

• • Daten formatua (time):
    • formatting= format #time [mw:Help:Extension:ParserFunctions/ca#.23time|#time analizadorarearen]] edozein formatu onartzen du. Adibidez formatting=d-m-Y (07-05-2024), formatting=[[j xg]] (7 Maiatz), formatting=Y (2024). Defektuz "j F Y" (7 maiatza 2024) erabiltzen du.
  • Propietate eta kualifikatzaileen taula formatua:
    • formatting=table Propietate zerrenda bat ematen du, taula formatuan, bere kualifikatzaileekin. 9 kualifikatzaile arte eman daitezke, eta formatuan bakoitza lerro batean sar dezake. Berez erabiltzen dituen bereizleak separator eta conjunction parametroetakoak dira. Formatu honek ematen dituen aukerak anitzak dira:
      • qualifier2 ... qualifier9= Lehen qualifier baino gehiago behar baditugu
      • rowformat= Propietate eta kualifikadoreen lerro bakoitzaren formatua. Propietatea $0 erabilita markatzen da, eta kualifikatzaileak $1etik $9ra. Defektuz rowformat=$0 ($1, ... $9) da formatua. Erabili daitezke zerrenda markak, * edo # baita txantiloiak ere {{((}}, {{!}} eta }} erabilita bereizketak egiteko.
      • rowsubformat1 ... rowsubformat9= $1-$9 arteko balioei emateko formatua definitzeko. Izan daiteke oso erabilgarria kualifikatzaile bat hutsik egonez gero. Adibidez, "rowformat=$0 $1" eta "rowsubformat1=zein $1" jarrita "$0 zein $1" jasoko dugu edo "$0" kualifikatzailerik ez balego.
      • colformat0 ... colformat9= Formatua ematen dio zutabe bakoitzari, 0 propietateari eta 1-9 artean kualifikadoreei. formatting balioak erabli daitezke zutabe bakoitzerako. Honela zutabe bati formatu zehatz bat eman ahal zaio.
      • tablesort= 0 eta 9 arteko balioekin, propietate eta kualifikatzaileen arabera antolatzen du taula. Defektuz propietatearen mailaren arabera antolatuko du, edo Wikidatako definizioaren antzinakotasunaren arabera.
      • sorting=-1 ordena aldatzen du, atzekoz aurrera egiten. Defektuz goranzkoa da.
• separator= (aukeran) zerrendan edo taulan erabiltzeko bereizlea. Defektuz komaz bereizten da, euskaraz , erabilita. Tauletan defektuz lerro haustura bat egiten du: <br />.
• conjunction= (aukeran) Zerrenda bateko azken bi elementuen artean erabiltzeko konjuntzioa. Defektuz eta erabiltzen du. Tauletan <br /> erabiltzen du.
• case= (aukeran) Sortu behar den kasu gramatikala. Definitutako kasuak:
  • case=singularra, hitz baten forma singularra ekartzen du, adibidez irakasle -> irakaslea
  • case=ergatiboa, hitz baten edo zerrenda baten forma ergatiboa ekartzen du, adibidez Stanley Kubrick -> Stanley Kubrickek
  • case=genitiboa, hitz baten edo zerrenda baten forma genitiboa ekartzen du, adibidez Mikel Laboa -> Mikel Laboaren

• item= (aukerakoa) Erabiltzen ari garen artikulua ez den beste item bat zehazteko balio du, eta (Qnnnn) formatuan eman behar da. Moderazioz erabili, arren, errekurtso ugari erabiltzen baititu.
• itemgender= (aukerakoa) Elementuaren forma femenikoa aurkitzen da, sexua edo generoa (P21) erabilita, defektuz item erabilita. case=gender eta case=infoboxlabel batera erabiltzen da.
• showerrors= (aukeran) Errore mezuak ematen ditu.
• default= (aukeran) Akatsik balego eman beharreko mezua. Ez du efekturik showerrors jartzen badugu.

getParentValues funtzioaren parametroak

• item= (aukeran) Item bat (Qnnnnn) zehaztea baimentzen du. Wikidatarako sarbide arbitrario hau ez da gomendagarria, baliabide asko behar baititu.
• property= (aukeran) Adierazpenaren propietatea, "P" eta zenbaki baten formatuan. Defektuz honako erakunde administratiboan dago (P131) izango da.
• label= (aukeran) Etiketaren propietatea. Defektuz honako hau da (P31) izango da.
• valuetext= (aukeran) Balioaren loturaren testuaren propietatea. Defektuz formatting=internallink emango du.
• upto= (aukerak) Noraino iritsi nahi dugun kontsultzen zuhaitzan, propietaterik aurkitzen duen bitartean. Balio motak
  • upto=etiketa: gelditu behar den etiketa, adibidez "upto=herrialdea".
  • upto=zenbakia: lortu nahi diren balio kopurua. Defektuz 10 datoz, babes gisa, baina normalki ez dira hainbeste behar izango.
• labelshow= (aukeran) Erakutsi nahi diren etiketen iragazkia, barar batekin bereiztua bat baino gehiago baidra. Adibidez "labelshow=udalerria/eskualdea"
• sorting= (aukeran) Zerrendan ordena. Balio posible bakarra du, "sorting=-1", berezkoaren alderantziko ordena erakusteko.
• rowformat= (aukeran) balio bikote bakoitza antolatzeko modua, $0 etiketarako eta $1 baliorako. Defektuz "rowformat=$0 = $1" erabili da, adibidez "eskualdea = [[Iruñerria]]" erakutsiz.
• separator= (aukeran) Balio bikote bakoitzarentzat nahi dugun bereizlea. Defektuz <br /> da. Ez da konjuntziorik behar bereizleentzat, kasu honetan.

Oharra: Etiketak aldatu daitezke formatu hobe batekin infotaulatan erabiltzeko. Adibidez, "Brasilgo udalerria"ren ordez "Udalerria" ikusiko dugu. Hau guztia Modulu:Wikidata/labels moduluan zehazten da, bertan jarriz behar ditugun aldaketak.

Adibideak

• Erabiler sinplea:

{{#invoke:Wikidata | claim |property=P20}} Jean-François Champollion artikuluan honako emaitza emango du: Paris

heriotza lekua (P20) propietatea da, elementua erakutsiz.

• Loturarik gabe:

{{#invoke:Wikidata | claim | property=P20 | formatting=label}}: Paris

• Balio lehenetsia

{{#invoke:Wikidata | claim | property=P20 | value={{{heriotza lekua|}}} }} infotaulan {{{heriotza lekua|}}} definitu badugu agertuko da, bestela Paris jarriko du.

• Data modukoa:

{{#invoke:Wikidata | claim | property=P569}} jaitza data ematen du berezko formatuan:

1790eko abenduaren 23a eta 1790eko abenduaren 22a

• Patroi batekin emandako datuak:

{{#invoke:Wikidata | claim | property=P214 | formatting=[http://viaf.org/viaf/$1 $1]}}:

34454460

• Balio bakarra:

Adibide irudia

{{#invoke:Wikidata | claim | property=P18 | list=false | formatting=[[File:$1|thumb|upright=.5|Adibide irudia]]}}

Definitu den lehen irudia baino ez du emango.

• Kanpo loturaren formatua:

{{#invoke:Wikidata | claim | property=P856 | formatting=weblink}} Berlin artikuluan:

berlin.de…

• Balio zerrenda:

mugakidea(k) (P47) {{#invoke:Wikidata | claim | property=P47}} Bilbo artikuluan

Alonsotegi, Arrigorriaga, Barakaldo, Basauri, Erandio, Galdakao, Sondika, Zamudio, Derio eta Etxebarri

• Formatudun zerrenda

osatuta (P527) {{#invoke:Wikidata | claim | property=P527 | separator=<br /> | conjunction=<br />}} Euskal Herrian:

Araba
Bizkaia
Gipuzkoa
Nafarroa Garaia
Lapurdi
Nafarroa Beherea
Zuberoa
Trebiñu
Argantzon
Eskiula

• Koordenatuak:

{{#invoke:Wikidata | claim | property=P625 | formatting=latitude}}: 43.2622

{{#invoke:Wikidata | claim | property=P625 | formatting=longitude}}: -2.9533

Ikus, gainera

• mw.wikibase liburutegia

---

Dokumentazio hau Modulu:Wikidata/dok orrialdetik txertatua dago.
Mesedez, sar itzazu kategoriak dokumentazio azpiorrialdean eta interwiki loturak Wikidatan. Modulu honen azpiorrialdeak.

-- version 20200615 from master @cawiki

local p = {}

-- Initialization of variables --------------------

local i18n = {						-- internationalisation at [[Module:Wikidata/i18n]]
	["errors"] = {
		["property-not-found"] = "Property not found.",
		["qualifier-not-found"] = "Qualifier not found.",
	},
	
	["datetime"] = {
		-- $1 is a placeholder for the actual number
		["beforenow"] = "$1 BCE",	-- how to format negative numbers for precisions 0 to 5
		["afternow"] = "$1 CE",		-- how to format positive numbers for precisions 0 to 5
		["bc"] = "$1 BCE",			-- how print negative years
		["ad"] = "$1",				-- how print 1st century AD dates
		
		[0] = "$1 billion years",	-- precision: billion years
		[1] = "$100 million years",	-- precision: hundred million years
		[2] = "$10 million years",	-- precision: ten million years
		[3] = "$1 million years",	-- precision: million years
		[4] = "$100000 years",		-- precision: hundred thousand years; thousand separators added afterwards
		[5] = "$10000 years",		-- precision: ten thousand years; thousand separators added afterwards
		[6] = "$1 millennium",		-- precision: millennium
		[7] = "$1 century",			-- precision: century
		[8] = "$1s",				-- precision: decade
		-- the following use the format of #time parser function
		[9] = "Y",					-- precision: year, 
		[10] = "F Y",				-- precision: month
		[11] = "F j, Y",			-- precision: day
		
		["hms"] = {["hours"] = "h", ["minutes"] = "m", ["seconds"] = "s"},	-- duration: xh xm xs
	},
	
	["years-old"] = {
		["singular"] = "",			-- year old, as in {{PLURAL:$1|singular|plural}}
		["plural"] = "",			-- years old
		["paucal"] = "",			-- for languages with 3 plural forms as in {{PLURAL:$1|singular|paucal|plural}}
	},
	
	["cite"] = {					-- cite parameters
		["title"] = "title",
		["author"] = "author",
		["date"] = "date",
		["pages"] = "pages",
		["language"] = "language",
		-- cite web parameters
		["url"] = "url",
		["website"] = "website",
		["access-date"] = "access-date",
		["archive-url"] = "archive-url",
		["archive-date"] = "archive-date",
		["publisher"] = "publisher",
		["quote"] = "quote",
		-- cite journal parameters
		["work"] = "work",
		["issue"] = "issue",
		["issn"] = "issn",
		["doi"] = "doi"
	},
	
	-- local wiki settings
	["addpencil"] = false, -- adds a pencil icon linked to Wikidata statement, planned to overwrite by Wikidata Bridge
	["categorylabels"] = "", -- Category:Pages with Wikidata labels not translated (void for no local category)
	["addfallback"] = {} -- additional fallback language codes
}

local cases = {} -- functions for local grammatical cases defined at [[Module:Wikidata/i18n]]

local required = ... -- variadic arguments from require function
local wiki = 
{
	langcode = mw.language.getContentLanguage().code,
	module_title = required or mw.getCurrentFrame():getTitle()
}

local untranslated -- used in infobox modules: nil or true
local _ -- variable for unused returned values, avoiding globals

-- Module local functions --------------------------------------------

-- Credit to http://stackoverflow.com/a/1283608/2644759, cc-by-sa 3.0
local function tableMerge(t1, t2)
	for k, v in pairs(t2) do
		if type(v) == "table" then
			if type(t1[k] or false) == "table" then
				tableMerge(t1[k] or {}, t2[k] or {})
			else
				t1[k] = v
			end
		else
			t1[k] = v
		end
	end
	return t1
end

local function loadI18n(lang)
	local exist, res = pcall(require, wiki.module_title .. "/i18n")
	if exist and next(res) ~= nil then
		tableMerge(i18n, res.i18n)
		cases = res.cases
	end
	if lang ~= wiki.langcode then
		exist, res = pcall(require, wiki.module_title .. "/i18n/" .. lang)
		if exist and next(res) ~= nil then
			tableMerge(i18n, res.i18n)
			tableMerge(cases, res.cases)
		end
	end
end

-- Table of language codes: requested or default and its fallbacks
local function findLang(langcode)
	if mw.language.isKnownLanguageTag(langcode or '') == false then
		local cframe = mw.getCurrentFrame()
		local pframe = cframe:getParent()
		langcode = pframe and pframe.args.lang
		if mw.language.isKnownLanguageTag(langcode or '') == false then
			if not mw.title.getCurrentTitle().isContentPage then
				langcode = cframe:preprocess('{{int:lang}}')
			end
			if mw.language.isKnownLanguageTag(langcode or '') == false then
				langcode = wiki.langcode
			end
		end
	end
	
	loadI18n(langcode)
	
	local languages = mw.language.getFallbacksFor(langcode)
	table.insert(languages, 1, langcode)
	if langcode == wiki.langcode then
		for _, l in ipairs(i18n.addfallback) do
			table.insert(languages, l)
		end
	end
	
	return languages
end

-- Argument is 'set' when it exists (not nil) or when it is not an empty string.
local function isSet(var)
	return not (var == nil or var == '')
end

-- Set local case to a label
local function case(localcase, label, ...)
	if not isSet(label) then return label end
	
	if localcase == "smallcaps" then
		return '<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">' .. label .. '</span>'
	elseif cases[localcase] then
		return cases[localcase](label, ...)
	end
	
	return label
end

-- get safely a serialized snak
local function getSnak(statement, snaks)
	local ret = statement
	for i, v in ipairs(snaks) do
		if not ret then return end
		ret = ret[v]
	end
	return ret
end

-- mw.wikibase.getLabelWithLang or getLabelByLang with a table of languages
local function getLabelByLangs(id, languages)
	local label
	local lang
	for _, l in ipairs(languages) do
		if l == wiki.langcode then
			-- using getLabelWithLang when possible instead of getLabelByLang, do not solve redirects pending phab:T157868
			label, l = mw.wikibase.getLabelWithLang(id)
		else
			label = mw.wikibase.getLabelByLang(id, l)
		end
		if label then
			lang = l
			break
		end
	end
	return label, lang
end

-- getBestStatements if bestrank=true, else getAllStatements with no deprecated
local function getStatements(entityId, property, bestrank)
	local claims = {}
	if not (entityId and mw.ustring.match(property, "^P%d+$")) then return claims end
	if bestrank then
		claims = mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(entityId, property)
	else
		local allclaims = mw.wikibase.getAllStatements(entityId, property)
		for _, c in ipairs(allclaims) do
			if c.rank ~= "deprecated" then
				table.insert(claims, c)
			end
		end
	end
	return claims
end

-- Is gender femenine? true or false
local function feminineGender(id)
	local claims = mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(id or mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForCurrentPage(),'P21')
	if getSnak(claims, {1, "mainsnak", "datavalue"}) == nil then -- no claim, novalue or somevalue
		return false
	else
		local genderId = claims[1].mainsnak.datavalue.value.id
		if genderId == "Q6581072" or genderId == "Q1052281" or genderId == "Q43445" then -- female, transgender female, female organism
			return true
		end
	end
	return false
end

-- Fetch female form of label
local function feminineForm(id, lang)
	local feminine_claims = getStatements(id, 'P2521')
	for _, feminine_claim in ipairs(feminine_claims) do
		if getSnak(feminine_claim, {'mainsnak', 'datavalue', 'value', 'language'}) == lang then
			return feminine_claim.mainsnak.datavalue.value.text
		end
	end
end

-- Add an icon for no label in requested language
local function addLabelIcon(label_id, lang, uselang, icon)
	local ret_lang, ret_icon = '', ''
	if icon then
		if lang and lang ~= uselang then
			ret_lang = " <sup>(" .. lang .. ")</sup>"
		end
		if label_id and (lang == nil or lang ~= uselang) then
			ret_icon = " [[File:Noun Project label icon 1116097 cc mirror.svg|10px|baseline|"
				.. mw.message.new('Translate-taction-translate'):inLanguage(uselang):plain()
				.. "|link=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/" .. label_id .. "?uselang=" .. uselang .. "]]"
			untranslated = true
		end
		if isSet(i18n.categorylabels) and lang ~= uselang and uselang == wiki.langcode then
			ret_icon = ret_icon .. '[[' .. i18n.categorylabels .. (lang and ']]' or '/Q]]')
		end
	end
	return ret_lang .. ret_icon
end

-- Add an icon for editing a statement with requirements for Wikidata Bridge
local function addEditIcon(parameters)
	local ret = ''
	if i18n.addpencil and parameters.editicon and parameters.id and parameters.property then
		ret = ' <span data-bridge-edit-flow="single-best-value">'
			.. "[[File:Arbcom ru editing.svg|10px|baseline|"
			.. mw.message.new('Editlink'):inLanguage(parameters.lang[1]):plain()
			.. "|link=https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/" .. parameters.id .. "?uselang=" .. parameters.lang[1] .. "#" .. parameters.property .. "]]"
			.. "</span>"
	end
	return ret
end
-- add edit icon to the last element of a table
local function addEditIconTable(thetable, parameters)
	if #thetable == 0 or not i18n.addpencil then
		return thetable
	end
	local last_element = thetable[#thetable]
	local the_icon = addEditIcon(parameters)
	-- add it before last html closing tags
	local tags = ''
	local rev_element = string.reverse(last_element)
	for tag in string.gmatch(rev_element, '(>%l+/<)') do
		if string.match(rev_element, '^' .. tags .. tag) then
			tags = tags .. tag
		else
			break
		end
	end
	local last_tags = string.reverse(tags)
	local offset = string.find(last_element, last_tags .. '$')
	if offset then
		thetable[#thetable] = string.sub(last_element, 1, offset - 1) .. the_icon .. last_tags
	else
		thetable[#thetable] = last_element .. the_icon
	end
	return thetable
end

-- Escape Lua captures
local function captureEscapes(text)
	return mw.ustring.gsub(text, "(%%%d)", "%%%1")
end

-- expandTemplate or callParserFunction
local function expandBraces(text, formatting)
	if text == nil or formatting == nil then return text end
	-- only expand braces if provided in argument, not included in value as in Q1164668
	if mw.ustring.find(formatting, '{{', 1, true) == nil then return text end
	if type(text) ~= "string" then
		text = tostring(text)
	end
	
	for braces in mw.ustring.gmatch(text, "{{(.-)}}") do
		local parts = mw.text.split(braces, "|")
		local title_part = parts[1]
		local parameters = {}
		for i = 2, #parts do
			local subparts = mw.ustring.find(parts[i], "=")
			if subparts then
				parameters[mw.ustring.sub(parts[i], 1, subparts-1)] = mw.ustring.sub(parts[i], subparts+1, -1)
			else
				table.insert(parameters, parts[i])
			end
		end
		
		local braces_expanded
		if mw.ustring.find(title_part, ":")
			and mw.text.split(title_part, ":")[1] ~= mw.site.namespaces[10].name -- not a prefix Template:
			then
			braces_expanded = mw.getCurrentFrame():callParserFunction{name=title_part, args=parameters}
		else
			braces_expanded = mw.getCurrentFrame():expandTemplate{title=title_part, args=parameters}
		end
		braces = mw.ustring.gsub(braces, "([%^%$%(%)%%%.%[%]%*%+%-%?])", "%%%1") -- escape magic characters
		braces_expanded = captureEscapes(braces_expanded)
		text = mw.ustring.gsub(text, "{{" .. braces .. "}}", braces_expanded)
	end
	
	return text
end

-- Resolve Wikidata redirects, pending phab:T157868
local function resolveEntityId(id)
	if not id or not mw.wikibase.isValidEntityId(id) then return id end
	-- if no label in English, maybe it is a redirect
	-- not using mw.title.new(id).isRedirect as it is expensive
	-- currently getLabelByLang does not follows redirects
	if mw.wikibase.getLabelByLang(id, 'en') == nil then
		local entity = mw.wikibase.getEntity(id) -- expensive function
		if not entity then return nil end
		if id ~= entity.id then
			-- Qid redirected to be fixed
			-- see [[Special:WhatLinksHere/Template:Track/wikidata/redirect]]
			require(wiki.module_title .. '/debug').track('redirect')
			require(wiki.module_title .. '/debug').track('redirect/' .. id)
		else
			-- no redirect and no English label, fix it to avoid expensive functions
			require(wiki.module_title .. '/debug').track('label')
			require(wiki.module_title .. '/debug').track('label/' .. id)
		end
		return entity.id
	end
	return id
end

-- format data type math
local function printDatatypeMath(data)
	return mw.getCurrentFrame():callParserFunction('#tag:math', data)
end

-- format data type musical-notation
local function printDatatypeMusical(data, formatting)
	local attr = {}
	if formatting == 'sound' then
		attr.sound = 1
	end
	return mw.getCurrentFrame():extensionTag('score', data, attr)
end

-- format data type string
local function printDatatypeString(data, parameters)
	if mw.ustring.find((parameters.formatting or ''), '$1', 1, true) then -- formatting = a pattern
		return expandBraces(mw.ustring.gsub(parameters.formatting, '$1', {['$1'] = data}), parameters.formatting)
	elseif parameters.case then
		return case(parameters.case, data, parameters.lang[1])
	end
	local data_number = string.match(data, "^%d+")
	if data_number then -- sort key by initial number and remaining string
		local sortkey = string.format("%019d", data_number * 1000)
		return data, sortkey .. string.sub(data, #data_number + 1)
	end
	return data
end

-- format data type url
local function printDatatypeUrl(data, parameters)
	if parameters.formatting == 'weblink' then
		local label_parts = mw.text.split(string.gsub(data, '/$', ''), '/')
		local label = string.gsub(label_parts[3], '^www%.', '')
		if #label_parts > 3 then
			label = label .. '…'
		end
		return '[' .. data .. ' ' .. label .. ']'
	end
	return printDatatypeString(data, parameters)
end

-- format data type external-id
local function printDatatypeExternal(data, parameters)
	if parameters.formatting == 'externalid' then
		local p_stat = mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(parameters.property, 'P1630') -- formatter URL
		local p_link_pattern = getSnak(p_stat, {1, "mainsnak", "datavalue", "value"})
		if p_link_pattern then
			local p_link = mw.ustring.gsub(p_link_pattern, '$1', {['$1'] = data})
			return '[' .. p_link .. ' ' .. data .. ']'
		end
	end
	return printDatatypeString(data, parameters)
end

-- format data type commonsMedia
local function printDatatypeMedia(data, parameters)
	local icon
	if not string.find((parameters.formatting or ''), '$1', 1, true) then
		icon = "no-icon"
	end
	return printDatatypeString(data, parameters), icon
end

-- format data type globe-coordinate
local function printDatatypeCoordinate(data, formatting)
	local function globes(globe_id)
		local globes = {['Q3134']='callisto',['Q596']='ceres',['Q15040']='dione',['Q2']='earth',['Q3303']='enceladus',
			['Q3143']='europa',['Q17975']='phoebe',['Q3169']='ganymede',['Q3123']='io',['Q17958']='iapetus',
			['Q308']='mercury',['Q15034']='mimas',['Q405']='moon',['Q15050']='rhea',['Q15047']='tethys',
			['Q111']='mars',['Q2565']='titan',['Q3359']='triton',['Q313']='venus',['Q3030']='vesta'}
		return globes[globe_id]
	end
	
	local function roundPrecision(num, prec)
		if prec == nil or prec <= 0 then return num end
		local sig = 10^math.floor(math.log10(prec)+.5) -- significant figure from sexagesimal precision: 0.00123 -> 0.001
		return math.floor(num / sig + 0.5) * sig
	end
	
	local precision = data.precision
	local latitude = roundPrecision(data.latitude, precision)
	local longitude = roundPrecision(data.longitude, precision)
	if formatting and string.find(formatting, '$lat', 1, true) and string.find(formatting, '$lon', 1, true) then
		local ret = mw.ustring.gsub(formatting, '$l[ao][tn]', {['$lat'] = latitude, ['$lon'] = longitude})
		if string.find(formatting, '$globe', 1, true) then
			local myglobe = 'earth'
			if isSet(data.globe) then
				local globenum = mw.text.split(data.globe, 'entity/')[2] -- http://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2
				myglobe = globes(globenum) or 'earth'
			end
			ret = mw.ustring.gsub(ret, '$globe', myglobe)
		end
		return expandBraces(ret, formatting)
	elseif formatting == 'latitude' then
		return latitude, "no-icon"
	elseif formatting == 'longitude' then
		return longitude, "no-icon"
	elseif formatting == 'dimension' then
		return data.dimension, "no-icon"
	else --default formatting='globe'
		if isSet(data.globe) == false or data.globe == 'http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q2' then
			return 'earth', "no-icon"
		else
			local globenum = mw.text.split(data.globe, 'entity/')[2]
			return globes(globenum) or globenum, "no-icon"
		end
	end
end

-- Local functions for data value quantity
local function unitSymbol(id, lang) -- get unit symbol or code
	local unit_symbol = ''
	if lang == wiki.langcode and pcall(require, wiki.module_title .. "/Units") then
		unit_symbol = require(wiki.module_title .. "/Units").getUnit(0, '', id, true)
	end
	if unit_symbol == '' then
		-- fetch it
		local claims = mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(id, 'P5061')
		if #claims > 0 then
			local langclaims = {}
			table.insert(lang, 'mul') -- multilingual as last try
			for _, snak in ipairs(claims) do
				local snak_language = getSnak(snak, {"mainsnak", "datavalue", "value", "language"})
				if snak_language and not langclaims[snak_language] then -- just the first one by language
					langclaims[snak_language] = snak.mainsnak.datavalue.value.text
				end
			end
			for _, l in ipairs(lang) do
				if langclaims[l] then
					return langclaims[l]
				end
			end
		end
	end
	return unit_symbol
end

local function getUnit(amount, id, parameters) -- get unit symbol or name
	local suffix = ''
	if parameters.formatting == "unitcode" then
		-- get unit symbol
		local unit_symbol = unitSymbol(id, parameters.lang)
		if isSet(unit_symbol) then
			suffix = unit_symbol
		end
	end
	if suffix == '' then -- formatting=unit, or formatting=unitcode not found
		-- get unit name
		local unit_label, lang = getLabelByLangs(id, parameters.lang)
		if lang == wiki.langcode and pcall(require, wiki.module_title .. "/Units") then
			suffix = require(wiki.module_title .. "/Units").getUnit(amount, unit_label, id, false)
		else
			suffix = (unit_label or id) .. addLabelIcon(id, lang, parameters.lang[1], parameters.editicon)
		end
	end
	if suffix ~= '' then
		suffix = ' ' .. suffix
	end
	return suffix
end

local function roundDefPrecision(in_num, factor)
	-- rounds out_num with significant figures of in_num (default precision)
	local out_num = in_num * factor
	if factor/60 == math.floor(factor/60) then -- sexagesimal integer
		return out_num
	end
	-- first, count digits after decimal mark, handling cases like '12.345e6'
	local exponent, prec
	local integer, dot, decimals, expstr = in_num:match('^(%d*)(%.?)(%d*)(.*)')
	local e = expstr:sub(1, 1)
	if e == 'e' or e == 'E' then
		exponent = tonumber(expstr:sub(2))
	end
	if dot == '' then
		prec = -integer:match('0*$'):len()
	else
		prec = #decimals
	end
	if exponent then
		-- So '1230' and '1.23e3' both give prec = -1, and '0.00123' and '1.23e-3' give 5.
		prec = prec - exponent
	end
	-- significant figures
	local in_bracket = 10^-prec -- -1 -> 10, 5 -> 0.00001
	local out_bracket = in_bracket * out_num / in_num
	out_bracket = 10^math.floor(math.log10(out_bracket)+.5) -- 1230 -> 1000, 0.00123 -> 0.001
	-- round it (credit to Luc Bloom from http://lua-users.org/wiki/SimpleRound)
	return math.floor(out_num/out_bracket + (out_num >=0 and 1 or -1) * 0.5) * out_bracket
end

-- format data type quantity
local function printDatatypeQuantity(data, parameters)
	local amount = data.amount
	amount = mw.ustring.gsub(amount, "%+", "")
	local suffix = ""
	local conv_amount, conv_suffix
	if string.sub(parameters.formatting or '', 1, 4) == "unit" or string.sub(parameters.formatting or '', 1, 8) == "duration" or parameters.convert then
		local unit_id = data.unit
		unit_id = mw.ustring.sub(unit_id, mw.ustring.find(unit_id, "Q"), -1)
		if string.sub(unit_id, 1, 1) == "Q" then
			suffix = getUnit(amount, unit_id, parameters)
			local convert_to
			if parameters.convert == "default" or parameters.convert == "default2" then
				local exist, units = pcall(require, wiki.module_title .. "/Units")
				if exist and next(units.convert_default) ~= nil then
					convert_to = units.convert_default[unit_id]
				end
			elseif string.sub(parameters.convert or '', 1, 1) == "Q" then
				convert_to = resolveEntityId(parameters.convert)
			elseif string.sub(parameters.formatting or '', 1, 8) == "duration" then
				convert_to = 'Q11574' -- seconds
			end
			if convert_to and convert_to ~= unit_id then
				-- convert units
				local conv_temp = { -- formulae for temperatures ºC, ºF, ªK: [from] = {[to] = 'formula'}
					['Q25267'] = {['Q42289'] = '$1*1.8+32', ['Q11597'] = '$1+273.15'},
					['Q42289'] = {['Q25267'] = '($1-32)/1.8', ['Q11597'] = '($1+459.67)*5/9'},
					['Q11597'] = {['Q25267'] = '$1-273.15', ['Q42289'] = '($1-273.15)*1.8000+32.00'}
				}
				if conv_temp[unit_id] and conv_temp[unit_id][convert_to] then
					local amount_f = mw.getCurrentFrame():callParserFunction('#expr', mw.ustring.gsub(conv_temp[unit_id][convert_to], "$1", amount))
					conv_amount = math.floor(tonumber(amount_f) + 0.5)
				else
					local conversions = getStatements(unit_id, 'P2442') -- conversion to standard unit
					table.insert(conversions, mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(unit_id, 'P2370')[1]) -- conversion to SI unit
					for _, conv in ipairs(conversions) do
						if conv.mainsnak.snaktype == 'value' then -- no somevalue nor novalue
							if conv.mainsnak.datavalue.value.unit == "http://www.wikidata.org/entity/" .. convert_to then
								conv_amount = roundDefPrecision(amount, tonumber(conv.mainsnak.datavalue.value.amount))
								break
							end
						end
					end
				end
				if conv_amount then
					conv_suffix = getUnit(conv_amount, convert_to, parameters)
				end
			elseif parameters.convert == 'M' and tonumber(amount) > 10^8 then
				conv_amount = math.floor(amount/10^6 + 0.5)
				conv_suffix = ' M' .. string.sub(suffix, 2)
			end
		end
	end
	local lang_obj = mw.language.new(parameters.lang[1])
	local sortkey = string.format("%019d", tonumber(amount) * 1000)
	if string.sub(parameters.formatting or '', 1, 8) == "duration" then
		local sec = tonumber(conv_amount or amount)
		if parameters.formatting == 'durationhms' or parameters.formatting == 'durationh:m:s' then
			local intervals = {"hours", "minutes", "seconds"}
			local sec2table = lang_obj:getDurationIntervals(sec, intervals)
			sec2table["seconds"] = (sec2table["seconds"] or 0) + tonumber("." .. (tostring(sec):match("%.(%d+)") or "0")) -- add decimals
			local duration = ''
			for i, v in ipairs(intervals) do
				if parameters.formatting == 'durationh:m:s' then
					if i == 1 and sec2table[v] then
						duration = duration .. sec2table[v] .. ":"
					elseif i == 2 then
						duration = duration .. string.format("%02d", sec2table[v] or 0) .. ":"
					elseif i == 3 then
						local sec_str = tostring(lang_obj:formatNum(sec2table[v] or 0))
						duration = duration .. (sec2table[v] < 10 and "0" or "") .. sec_str
					end
				elseif sec2table[v] then
					duration = duration .. lang_obj:formatNum(sec2table[v]) .. i18n.datetime.hms[v] .. (i < 3 and " " or "")
				end
			end
			return duration
		else
			return lang_obj:formatDuration(sec)
		end
	end
	if parameters.case then
		amount = case(parameters.case, amount, parameters.lang[1])
	else
		amount = lang_obj:formatNum(tonumber(amount))
	end
	if conv_amount then
		local conv_sortkey = string.format("%019d", tonumber(conv_amount) * 1000)
		conv_amount = lang_obj:formatNum(tonumber(conv_amount))
		if parameters.convert == 'default2' then
			return conv_amount .. conv_suffix .. ' (' .. amount .. suffix .. ')', conv_sortkey
		else
			return conv_amount .. conv_suffix, conv_sortkey
		end
	end
	return amount .. suffix, sortkey
end

-- format data type time
local function printDatatypeTime(data, parameters)
	-- Dates and times are stored in ISO 8601 format
	local timestamp = data.time
	local post_format
	local calendar_add = ""
	local precision = data.precision or 11
	
	if string.sub(timestamp, 1, 1) == '-' then
		post_format = i18n.datetime["bc"]
	elseif string.sub(timestamp, 2, 3) == '00' then
		post_format = i18n.datetime["ad"]
	elseif precision > 8 then
		-- calendar model
		local calendar_model = {["Q12138"] = "gregorian", ["Q1985727"] = "gregorian", ["Q11184"] = "julian", ["Q1985786"] = "julian"}
		local calendar_id = mw.text.split(data.calendarmodel, 'entity/')[2]
		if (timestamp < "+1582-10-15T00:00:00Z" and calendar_model[calendar_id] == "gregorian")
			or (timestamp > "+1582-10-04T00:00:00Z" and calendar_model[calendar_id] == "julian")
			then
			calendar_add = " <sup>(" .. mw.message.new('Wikibase-time-calendar-' .. calendar_model[calendar_id]):inLanguage(parameters.lang[1]):plain() .. ")</sup>"
		end
	end
	
	local function formatTime(form, stamp)
		local pattern
		if type(form) == "function" then
			pattern = form(stamp)
		else
			pattern = form
		end
		stamp = tostring(stamp)
		if mw.ustring.find(pattern, "$1") then
			return mw.ustring.gsub(pattern, "$1", stamp)
		elseif string.sub(stamp, 1, 1) == '-' then -- formatDate() only supports years from 0
			stamp = '+' .. string.sub(stamp, 2)
		elseif string.sub(stamp, 1, 1) ~= '+' then -- not a valid timestamp, it is a number
			stamp = string.format("%04d", stamp)
		end
		local ret = mw.language.new(parameters.lang[1]):formatDate(pattern, stamp)
		ret = string.gsub(ret, "^(%[?%[?)0+", "%1") -- supress leading zeros
		ret = string.gsub(ret, "( %[?%[?)0+", "%1")
		return ret
	end
	
	local function postFormat(t)
		if post_format and mw.ustring.find(post_format, "$1") then
			return mw.ustring.gsub(post_format, "$1", t)
		end
		return t
	end
	
	local intyear = tonumber(string.match(timestamp, "[+-](%d+)"))
	local ret = ""
	
	if precision <= 5 then -- precision is 10000 years or more
		local factor = 10 ^ ((5 - precision) + 4)
		local y2 = math.ceil(math.abs(intyear) / factor)
		local relative = formatTime(i18n.datetime[precision], y2)
		if post_format == i18n.datetime["bc"] then
			ret = mw.ustring.gsub(i18n.datetime.beforenow, "$1", relative)
		else
			ret = mw.ustring.gsub(i18n.datetime.afternow, "$1", relative)
		end
		local ret_number = string.match(ret, "%d+")
		if ret_number ~= nil then
			ret = mw.ustring.gsub(ret, ret_number, mw.language.new(parameters.lang[1]):formatNum(tonumber(ret_number)))
		end
	elseif precision == 6 or precision == 7 then -- millennia or centuries
		local card = math.floor((intyear - 1) / 10^(9 - precision)) + 1
		ret = formatTime(i18n.datetime[precision], card)
		ret = postFormat(ret)
	elseif precision == 8 then -- decades
		local card = math.floor(math.abs(intyear) / 10) * 10
		ret = formatTime(i18n.datetime[8], card)
		ret = postFormat(ret)
	elseif intyear > 9999 then -- not a valid timestamp
		return
	elseif precision == 9 or parameters.formatting == 'Y' then -- precision is year
		ret = formatTime(i18n.datetime[9], intyear)
		if parameters.case then
			ret = case(parameters.case, ret, parameters.lang[1])
		end
		ret = postFormat(ret) .. calendar_add
	elseif precision == 10 then -- month
		ret = formatTime(i18n.datetime[10], timestamp .. " + 1 day") -- formatDate yyyy-mm-00 returns the previous month
		ret = postFormat(ret) .. calendar_add
	else -- precision 11, day
		ret = formatTime(parameters.formatting or i18n.datetime[11], timestamp)
		ret = postFormat(ret) .. calendar_add
	end
	return ret, timestamp
end

-- format data value wikibase-entityid: types wikibase-item, wikibase-property
local function printDatatypeEntity(data, parameters)
	local entity_id = data['id']
	if parameters.formatting == 'raw' then
		return entity_id, entity_id
	end
	local entity_page = 'Special:EntityPage/' .. entity_id
	local label, lang = getLabelByLangs(entity_id, parameters.lang)
	local sitelink = mw.wikibase.getSitelink(entity_id)
	local parameter = parameters.formatting
	local labelcase = label or sitelink
	if parameters.gender == 'feminineform' then
		labelcase = feminineForm(entity_id, lang) or labelcase
	end
	if parameters.case ~= 'gender' then
		labelcase = case(parameters.case, labelcase, lang, parameters.lang[1], entity_id, parameters.id)
	end
	local ret1, ret2
	if parameter == 'label' then
		ret1 = labelcase or entity_id
		ret2 = labelcase or entity_id
	elseif parameter == 'sitelink' then
		ret1 = (sitelink or 'd:' .. entity_page)
		ret2 = sitelink or entity_id
	elseif mw.ustring.find((parameter or ''), '$1', 1, true) then -- formatting = a pattern
		ret1 = mw.ustring.gsub(parameter, '$1', labelcase or entity_id)
		ret1 = expandBraces(ret1, parameter)
		ret2 = labelcase or entity_id
	else
		if parameter == "ucfirst" or parameter == "ucinternallink" then
			if labelcase and lang then
				labelcase = mw.language.new(lang):ucfirst(labelcase)
			end
			-- only first of a list, reset formatting for next ones
			if parameter == "ucinterlanllink" then
				parameters.formatting = 'internallink'
			else
				parameters.formatting = nil -- default format
			end
		end
		
		if sitelink then
			ret1 = '[[' .. sitelink .. '|' .. labelcase .. ']]'
			ret2 = labelcase
		elseif label and (parameter == 'internallink' or parameter == 'ucinternallink') then
			ret1 = '[[' .. label .. '|' .. labelcase .. ']]'
			ret2 = labelcase
		else
			ret1 = '[[d:' .. entity_page .. '|' .. (labelcase or entity_id) .. ']]'
			ret2 = labelcase or entity_id
		end
	end
	
	return ret1 .. addLabelIcon(entity_id, lang, parameters.lang[1], parameters.editicon), ret2
end

-- format data type monolingualtext
local function printDatatypeMonolingual(data, parameters)
	-- data fields: language [string], text [string]
	
	if parameters.list == "lang" and data["language"] ~= parameters.lang[1] then
		return
	elseif parameters.formatting == "language" or parameters.formatting == "text" then
		return data[parameters.formatting]
	end
	local result = data["text"]
	if data["language"] ~= wiki.langcode then
		result = mw.ustring.gsub('<span lang="$1">$2</span>', '$[12]', {["$1"]=data["language"], ["$2"]=data["text"]})
	end
	if mw.ustring.find((parameters.formatting or ''), '$', 1, true) then
		-- output format defined with $text, $language
		result = mw.ustring.gsub(parameters.formatting, '$text', result)
		result = mw.ustring.gsub(result, '$language', data["language"])
	end
	return result
end

local function getSnakValue(snak, parameters)
	if snak.snaktype == 'value' then
		-- see Special:ListDatatypes
		if snak.datatype == "string" then
			return printDatatypeString(snak.datavalue.value, parameters)
		-- other data value string, tabular-data not implemented
		elseif snak.datatype == "commonsMedia" or snak.datatype == "geo-shape" then
			return printDatatypeMedia(snak.datavalue.value, parameters)
		elseif snak.datatype == "url" then
			return printDatatypeUrl(snak.datavalue.value, parameters)
		elseif snak.datatype == "external-id" then
			return printDatatypeExternal(snak.datavalue.value, parameters)
		elseif snak.datatype == 'math' then
			return printDatatypeMath(snak.datavalue.value)
		elseif snak.datatype == 'musical-notation' then
			return printDatatypeMusical(snak.datavalue.value, parameters.formatting)
		-- other data types
		elseif snak.datatype == 'wikibase-item' or snak.datatype == 'wikibase-property' then
			return printDatatypeEntity(snak.datavalue.value, parameters)
		elseif snak.datatype == 'monolingualtext' then
			return printDatatypeMonolingual(snak.datavalue.value, parameters)
		elseif snak.datatype == "globe-coordinate" then
			return printDatatypeCoordinate(snak.datavalue.value, parameters.formatting)
		elseif snak.datatype == "quantity" then
			return printDatatypeQuantity(snak.datavalue.value, parameters)
		elseif snak.datatype == "time" then
			return printDatatypeTime(snak.datavalue.value, parameters)
		end
	elseif snak.snaktype == 'novalue' then
		if parameters.formatting == 'raw' then return end
		return mw.message.new('Wikibase-snakview-snaktypeselector-novalue'):inLanguage(parameters.lang[1]):plain()
	elseif snak.snaktype == 'somevalue' then
		if parameters.formatting == 'raw' then return end
		return mw.message.new('Wikibase-snakview-snaktypeselector-somevalue'):inLanguage(parameters.lang[1]):plain()
	end
	return mw.wikibase.renderSnak(snak)
end

local function printError(key)
	return '<span class="error">' .. i18n.errors[key] .. '</span>'
end

local function getQualifierSnak(claim, qualifierId, parameters)
	-- a "snak" is Wikidata terminology for a typed key/value pair
	-- a claim consists of a main snak holding the main information of this claim,
	-- as well as a list of attribute snaks and a list of references snaks
	if qualifierId then
		-- search the attribute snak with the given qualifier as key
		if claim.qualifiers then
			local qualifier = claim.qualifiers[qualifierId]
			if qualifier then
				if qualifier[1].datatype == "monolingualtext" then
					-- iterate over monolingualtext qualifiers to get local language
					for idx in pairs(qualifier) do
						if getSnak(qualifier[idx], {"datavalue", "value", "language"}) == parameters.lang[1] then
							return qualifier[idx]
						end
					end
				elseif parameters.list then
					return qualifier
				else
					return qualifier[1]
				end
			end
		end
		return nil, printError("qualifier-not-found")
	else
		-- otherwise return the main snak
		return claim.mainsnak
	end
end

local function getValueOfClaim(claim, qualifierId, parameters)
	local snak, error = getQualifierSnak(claim, qualifierId, parameters)
	if not snak then
		return nil, nil, error
	elseif snak[1] then -- a multi qualifier
		local result, sortkey = {}, {}
		local maxvals = tonumber(parameters.list)
		for idx in pairs(snak) do
			result[#result + 1], sortkey[#sortkey + 1] = getSnakValue(snak[idx], parameters)
			if maxvals and maxvals == #result then break end
		end
		return mw.text.listToText(result, parameters.qseparator, parameters.qconjunction), sortkey[1]
	else -- a property or a qualifier
		return getSnakValue(snak, parameters)
	end
end

local function getValueOfParentClaim(claim, qualifierId, parameters)
	local qids = mw.text.split(qualifierId, '/', true)
	local valueraw, parent_claims, value, sortkey
	if qids[1] == parameters.property then
		valueraw, _, _ = getValueOfClaim(claim, nil, {["formatting"]="raw", ["lang"]=parameters.lang})
	else
		valueraw, _, _ = getValueOfClaim(claim, qids[1], {["formatting"]="raw", ["lang"]=parameters.lang})
	end
	if string.sub(valueraw or '', 1, 1) == "Q" then -- protection for 'no value'
		parent_claims = mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(valueraw, qids[2])
		if parent_claims[1] ~= nil then
			value, sortkey, _ = getValueOfClaim(parent_claims[1], nil, parameters)
			-- raw parent value needed for while/black lists, lang for avoiding an error on types other than entity
			valueraw, _, _ = getValueOfClaim(parent_claims[1], nil, {["formatting"]="raw", ["lang"]=parameters.lang})
		end
	end
	return value, sortkey, valueraw
end

-- see d:Help:Sources
local function getReferences(claim, lang)
	local notproperref = {
		["P143"] = true, -- imported from
		["P3452"] = true, -- inferred from
		["P887"] = true, -- based on heuristic
		["P4656"] = true -- Wikimedia import URL
	}
	local result = ""
	-- traverse through all references
	for ref in pairs(claim.references or {}) do
		local refparts
		local refs = {}
		local validref = true
		local ref_name
		-- traverse through all parts of the current reference
		for snakkey, snakval in pairs(claim.references[ref].snaks or {}) do
			for partkey, _ in pairs(claim.references[ref].snaks[snakkey] or {}) do
				if notproperref[snakkey] then -- not a proper reference
					validref = false
					break
				end
			end
			if validref then
				for snakidx = 1, #snakval do
					if snakidx > 1 then refparts = refparts .. ", " end
					refparts = refparts or '' .. getSnakValue(snakval[snakidx], {lang=lang})
				end
				refs[snakkey] = refparts
				refparts = nil
				if snakkey == "P248" then -- stated in
					ref_name = snakval[1].datavalue.value.id
				end
			end
		end
		
		-- fill missing values with parent item
		if ref_name then
			local function refParent(qid, pid, formatting)
				local snak = getSnak(mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(qid, pid), {1, "mainsnak"})
				return snak and getSnakValue(snak, {formatting=formatting, lang=lang})
			end
			
			refs['P50'] = refs['P50'] or refParent(ref_name, 'P50', 'label') -- author
			refs['P407'] = refs['P407'] or refParent(ref_name, 'P407', 'label') -- language of work
			refs['P123'] = refs['P123'] or refParent(ref_name, 'P123', 'label') -- publisher
			refs['P577'] = refs['P577'] or refParent(ref_name, 'P577') -- date
			refs['P1433'] = refs['P1433'] or refParent(ref_name, 'P1433', 'label') -- published in
			refs['P304'] = refs['P304'] or refParent(ref_name, 'P304') -- page(s)
			refs['P433'] = refs['P433'] or refParent(ref_name, 'P433') -- issue
			refs['P236'] = refs['P236'] or refParent(ref_name, 'P236') -- ISSN
			refs['P356'] = refs['P356'] or refParent(ref_name, 'P356') -- DOI
		end
		
		-- get title of local templates for citing references
		local template_web = mw.wikibase.getSitelink('Q5637226') or ""
		template_web = mw.text.split(template_web, ":")[2] -- split off namespace from front
		local template_journal = mw.wikibase.getSitelink('Q5624899') or ""
		template_journal = mw.text.split(template_journal, ":")[2]
		
		local citeParams = {}
		if refs['P854'] and (refs['P1476'] or refs['P248']) and template_web then
			-- if both "reference URL" and "title" (or "stated in") are present, then use cite web template
			citeParams[i18n['cite']['url']] = refs['P854']
			if refs['P248'] and refs['P1476'] == nil then
				citeParams[i18n['cite']['title']] = refs['P248']:match("^%[%[.-|(.-)%]%]")
			else
				citeParams[i18n['cite']['title']] = refs['P1476']
				citeParams[i18n['cite']['website']] = refs['P248']
			end
			citeParams[i18n['cite']['author']] = refs['P50']
			citeParams[i18n['cite']['language']] = refs['P407']
			citeParams[i18n['cite']['publisher']] = refs['P123']
			citeParams[i18n['cite']['date']] = refs['P577']
			citeParams[i18n['cite']['pages']] = refs['P304']
			citeParams[i18n['cite']['access-date']] = refs['P813']
			citeParams[i18n['cite']['archive-url']] = refs['P1065']
			citeParams[i18n['cite']['archive-date']] = refs['P2960']
			citeParams[i18n['cite']['quote']] = refs['P1683']
			refparts = mw.getCurrentFrame():expandTemplate{title=template_web, args=citeParams}
		elseif refs['P1433'] and (refs['P1476'] or refs['P248']) and template_journal then
			-- if both "published in" and "title" (or "stated in") are present, then use cite journal template
			citeParams[i18n['cite']['work']] = refs['P1433']
			citeParams[i18n['cite']['title']] = refs['P1476'] or refs['P248']
			citeParams[i18n['cite']['author']] = refs['P50']
			citeParams[i18n['cite']['date']] = refs['P577']
			citeParams[i18n['cite']['issue']] = refs['P433']
			citeParams[i18n['cite']['pages']] = refs['P304']
			citeParams[i18n['cite']['language']] = refs['P407']
			citeParams[i18n['cite']['issn']] = refs['P236']
			citeParams[i18n['cite']['doi']] = refs['P356']
			refparts = mw.getCurrentFrame():expandTemplate{title=template_journal, args=citeParams}
		elseif validref then
			-- raw ouput
			local snaksorder = claim.references[ref]["snaks-order"]
			local function indexed(a)
				for _, b in ipairs(snaksorder) do
					if b == a then return true end
				end
				return false
			end
			for k, _ in pairs(refs or {}) do
				if not indexed(k) then
					table.insert(snaksorder, k)
				end
			end
			local italics = "''"
			for _, k in ipairs(snaksorder) do
				if refs[k] then
					refparts = refparts and refparts .. " " or ""
					refparts = refparts .. mw.ustring.gsub(getLabelByLangs(k, lang), "^%l", mw.ustring.upper) .. ": "
					refparts = refparts .. italics .. refs[k] .. italics .. "."
					italics = ""
				end
			end
		end
		if refparts then result = mw.getCurrentFrame():extensionTag("ref", refparts, {name=ref_name}) end
	end
	return result
end

-- Set whitelist or blacklist values
local function setWhiteOrBlackList(type_list, num_qual, args)
	local listed = false
	local list = {}
	for i = 0, num_qual do
		if isSet(args[type_list .. i]) then
			listed = true
			list[tostring(i)] = {}
			for v in string.gmatch(args[type_list .. i], 'Q%d+') do
				list[tostring(i)][resolveEntityId(v)] = true
			end
		end
	end
	return list, listed
end

local function tableParameters(args, parameters, column)
	local column_params = mw.clone(parameters)
	column_params.formatting = args["colformat"..column]; if column_params.formatting == "" then column_params.formatting = nil end
	column_params.convert = args["convert" .. column]
	if args["case" .. column] then
		column_params.case = args["case" .. column]
	end
	return column_params
end

local function getEntityId(frame, unnamed)
	local args = frame.args or frame
	local pargs = frame.args and frame:getParent().args
	local id = args.item or args.from or (unnamed and mw.text.trim(args[1] or '') or nil)
	if not isSet(id) and pargs then
		id = pargs.item or pargs.from or (unnamed and mw.text.trim(pargs[1] or '') or nil)
	end
	if isSet(id) then
		if string.find(id, ":") then -- remove prefix as Property:Pid
			id = mw.text.split(id, ":")[2]
		end
	else
		id = mw.wikibase.getEntityIdForCurrentPage()
	end
	return id
end

-- Main function claim ---------------------------------------------
-- on debug console use: =p.claim{item="Q...", property="P...", ...}
function p.claim(frame)
	local is_sandbox = frame.args and isSet(frame:getParent().args.sandbox)
	if not required and is_sandbox then
		return require(wiki.module_title .. "/" .. mw.message.new('Sandboxlink-subpage-name'):inLanguage(wiki.langcode):plain()).claim(frame)
	end
	local args = frame.args or frame -- via invoke or require
	--If a value is already set, use it
	if isSet(args.value) then
		if args.value == 'NONE' then
			return
		else
			return args.value
		end
	end
	
	-- arguments
	local id = getEntityId(frame)
	if id == nil then return end
	local property = string.upper(args.property or "")
	local qualifierId = {}
	qualifierId[1] = isSet(args.qualifier) and string.upper(args.qualifier) or nil
	local i = 2
	while isSet(args["qualifier" .. i]) do
		qualifierId[i] = string.upper(args["qualifier" .. i])
		i = i + 1
	end
	local formatting = isSet(args.formatting) and args.formatting or nil
	local convert = isSet(args.convert) and args.convert or nil
	local case = args.case
	local list = args.list or true; if (list == "false" or list == "no") then list = false end
	if list == 'firstrank' then list = 'bestrank' end -- alias
	local sorting_col = args.tablesort
	local sorting_up = (args.sorting or "") ~= "-1"
	local separator = isSet(args.separator) and args.separator
	local conjunction = isSet(args.conjunction) and args.conjunction or separator
	local rowformat = args.rowformat
	local references = args.references
	local showerrors = args.showerrors
	local default = args.default
	if default then showerrors = nil end
	local editicon = not (args.editicon == "false" or args.editicon == "no" or formatting == "raw")
	
	local parameters = {["id"] = id, ["property"] = property, ["formatting"] = formatting, ["convert"] = convert,
		["list"] = list, ["case"] = case, ["editicon"] = editicon,
		["separator"] = separator, ["conjunction"] = conjunction, ["qseparator"] = separator, ["qconjunction"] = conjunction}
	parameters.lang = findLang(args.lang)
	
	-- fetch property
	local claims = {}
	local bestrank = (parameters.list == false or parameters.list == 'bestrank') and parameters.list ~= 'lang'
	for p in string.gmatch(property, 'P%d+') do
		claims = getStatements(id, p, bestrank)
		if #claims > 0 then
			parameters.property = p
			break
		end
	end
	if #claims == 0 then
		if showerrors then return printError("property-not-found") else return default end
	end
	
	-- defaults for table
	local preformat, postformat = "", ""
	local whitelisted, blacklisted = false, false
	local whitelist, blacklist = {}, {}
	if parameters.formatting == "table" then
		parameters.separator = parameters.separator or "<br />"
		parameters.conjunction = parameters.conjunction or "<br />"
		parameters.qseparator = ", "
		parameters.qconjunction = ", "
		if not rowformat then
			rowformat = "$0 ($1"
			i = 2
			while qualifierId[i] do
				rowformat = rowformat .. ", $" .. i
				i = i + 1
			end
			rowformat = rowformat .. ")"
		elseif mw.ustring.find(rowformat, "^[*#]") then
			parameters.separator = "</li><li>"
			parameters.conjunction = "</li><li>"
			if mw.ustring.match(rowformat, "^[*#]") == "*" then
				preformat = "<ul><li>"
				postformat = "</li></ul>"
			else
				preformat = "<ol><li>"
				postformat = "</li></ol>"
			end
			rowformat = mw.ustring.gsub(rowformat, "^[*#] ?", "")
		end
		
		-- set whitelist and blacklist values
		whitelist, whitelisted = setWhiteOrBlackList("whitelist", #qualifierId, args)
		blacklist, blacklisted = setWhiteOrBlackList("blacklist", #qualifierId, args)
	end
	
	-- set feminine case if gender is requested
	local itemgender = args.itemgender
	local idgender
	if itemgender then
		if string.match(itemgender, "^P%d+$") then
			local snak_id = getSnak(mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(id, itemgender), {1, "mainsnak", "datavalue", "value", "id"})
			if snak_id then
				idgender = snak_id
			end
		elseif string.match(itemgender, "^Q%d+$") then
			idgender = itemgender
		end
	end
	local gender_requested = false
	if parameters.case == "gender" or idgender then
		gender_requested = true
	elseif parameters.formatting == "table" then
		for i=0, #qualifierId do
			if args["case" .. i] and args["case" .. i] == "gender" then
				gender_requested = true
				break
			end
		end
	end
	if gender_requested then
		if feminineGender(idgender or id) then
			parameters.gender = "feminineform"
		end
	end
	
	-- get initial sort indices
	local sortindices = {}
	for idx in pairs(claims) do
		sortindices[#sortindices + 1] = idx
	end
	-- sort by claim rank
	local comparator = function(a, b)
		local rankmap = { deprecated = 2, normal = 1, preferred = 0 }
		local ranka = rankmap[claims[a].rank or "normal"] .. string.format("%08d", a)
		local rankb = rankmap[claims[b].rank or "normal"] .. string.format("%08d", b)
		return ranka < rankb
	end
	table.sort(sortindices, comparator)
	
	local result, result2
	local error
	if parameters.list or parameters.formatting == "table" then
		-- convert LF to line feed, <br /> may not work on some cases
		parameters.separator = parameters.separator == "LF" and "\010" or parameters.separator
		parameters.conjunction = parameters.conjunction == "LF" and "\010" or parameters.conjunction
		-- i18n separators
		parameters.separator = parameters.separator or mw.message.new('Comma-separator'):inLanguage(parameters.lang[1]):plain()
		parameters.conjunction = parameters.conjunction or (mw.message.new('And'):inLanguage(parameters.lang[1]):plain() .. mw.message.new('Word-separator'):inLanguage(parameters.lang[1]):plain())
		-- iterate over all elements and return their value (if existing)
		local value, valueq
		local sortkey, sortkeyq
		local values = {}
		local sortkeys = {}
		local refs = {}
		local rowlist = {} -- rows to list with whitelist or blacklist
		for idx in pairs(claims) do
			local claim = claims[sortindices[idx]]
			local reference = {}
			if not whitelisted then rowlist[idx] = true end
			if parameters.formatting == "table" then
				local params = tableParameters(args, parameters, "0")
				value, sortkey, error = getValueOfClaim(claim, nil, params)
				if value then
					values[#values + 1] = {}
					sortkeys[#sortkeys + 1] = {}
					refs[#refs + 1] = {}
					if whitelist["0"] or blacklist["0"] then
						local valueraw, _, _ = getValueOfClaim(claim, nil, {["formatting"]="raw", ["lang"]=params.lang})
						if whitelist["0"] and whitelist["0"][valueraw or ""] then
							rowlist[#values] = true
						elseif blacklist["0"] and blacklist["0"][valueraw or ""] then
							rowlist[#values] = false
						end
					end
					for i, qual in ipairs(qualifierId) do
						local j = tostring(i)
						params = tableParameters(args, parameters, j)
						local valueq, sortkeyq, valueraw
						if qual == property then -- hack for getting the property with another formatting, i.e. colformat1=raw
							valueq, sortkeyq, _ = getValueOfClaim(claim, nil, params)
						else
							for q in mw.text.gsplit(qual, '%s*OR%s*') do
								if string.find(q, ".+/.+") then
									valueq, sortkeyq, valueraw = getValueOfParentClaim(claim, q, params)
								elseif string.find(q, "^/.+") then
									local claim2 = getStatements(id, string.sub(q, 2), bestrank)
									if #claim2 > 0 then
										valueq, sortkeyq, _ = getValueOfClaim(claim2[1], nil, params)
									end
								else
									valueq, sortkeyq, _ = getValueOfClaim(claim, q, params)
								end
								if valueq then break end
							end
						end
						values[#values]["col" .. j] = valueq
						sortkeys[#sortkeys]["col" .. j] = sortkeyq or valueq
						if whitelist[j] or blacklist[j] then
							valueq = valueraw or getValueOfClaim(claim, qual, {["formatting"]="raw", ["lang"]=params.lang})
							if whitelist[j] and whitelist[j][valueq or ""] then
								rowlist[#values] = true
							elseif blacklist[j] and blacklist[j][valueq or ""] then
								rowlist[#values] = false
							end
						end
					end
				end
			else
				value, sortkey, error = getValueOfClaim(claim, qualifierId[1], parameters)
				values[#values + 1] = {}
				sortkeys[#sortkeys + 1] = {}
				refs[#refs + 1] = {}
			end
			if not value and showerrors then value = error end
			if value then
				if references and claim.references then reference = claim.references end
				refs[#refs]["col0"] = reference
				values[#values]["col0"] = value
				sortkeys[#sortkeys]["col0"] = sortkey or value
			end
		end
		-- sort and format results
		sortindices = {}
		for idx in pairs(values) do
			sortindices[#sortindices + 1] = idx
		end
		if sorting_col then
			local sorting_table = mw.text.split(sorting_col, '%D+')
			local comparator = function(a, b)
				local valuea, valueb
				local i = 1
				while valuea == valueb and i <= #sorting_table do
					valuea = sortkeys[a]["col" .. sorting_table[i]] or ''
					valueb = sortkeys[b]["col" .. sorting_table[i]] or ''
					i = i + 1
				end
				
				if sorting_up then
					return valueb > valuea
				end
				return valueb < valuea
			end
			table.sort(sortindices, comparator)
		end
		local maxvals = tonumber(parameters.list)
		result = {}
		for idx in pairs(values) do
			local valuerow = values[sortindices[idx]]
			local reference = getReferences({["references"] = refs[sortindices[idx]]["col0"]}, parameters.lang)
			
			value = valuerow["col0"]
			if parameters.formatting == "table" then
				if not rowlist[sortindices[idx]] then
					value = nil
				else
					local rowformatting = rowformat .. "$" -- fake end character added for easy gsub
					value = mw.ustring.gsub(rowformatting, "$0", value)
					value = mw.ustring.gsub(value, "$R0", reference) -- add reference
					for i, _ in ipairs(qualifierId) do
						local valueq = valuerow["col" .. i]
						if args["rowsubformat" .. i] and valueq then
							-- add fake end character $
							-- gsub $i not followed by a number so $1 doesn't match $10, $11...
							-- remove fake end character
							valueq = captureEscapes(valueq)
							valueq = mw.ustring.gsub(args["rowsubformat" .. i] .. "$", "$" .. i .. "(%D)", valueq .. "%1")
							valueq = string.sub(valueq, 1, -2)
							rowformatting = mw.ustring.gsub(rowformatting, "$" .. i .. "(%D)", args["rowsubformat" .. i] .. "%1")
						end
						valueq = valueq and captureEscapes(valueq) or ''
						value = mw.ustring.gsub(value, "$" .. i .. "(%D)", valueq .. "%1")
					end
					value = string.sub(value, 1, -2) -- remove fake end character
					value = expandBraces(value, rowformatting)
				end
			elseif value then
				value = expandBraces(value, parameters.formatting)
				value = value .. reference
			end
			if isSet(value) then
				result[#result + 1] = value
				if not parameters.list or (maxvals and maxvals == #result) then
					break
				end
			end
		end
		-- in a table, add edit icon on last element
		if parameters.formatting == 'table' and parameters.editicon then
			result = addEditIconTable(result, parameters)
		end
		result = preformat .. mw.text.listToText(result, parameters.separator, parameters.conjunction) .. postformat
	else
		-- return first element
		local claim = claims[sortindices[1]]
		result, result2, error = getValueOfClaim(claim, qualifierId[1], parameters)
		if result and references then result = result .. getReferences(claim, parameters.lang) end
	end
	
	if isSet(result) then
		if i18n.addpencil and not (parameters.formatting == 'table' or (result2 and result2 == 'no-icon')) then
			-- add edit icon, except table added previously and except explicit no-icon internal flag
			result = result .. addEditIcon(parameters)
		end
	else
		if showerrors then result = error else result = default end
	end
	return result, (required and not is_sandbox) and untranslated or ''
end

-- This is used to get the TA98 (Terminologia Anatomica first edition 1998) values like 'A01.1.00.005' (property P1323)
-- which are then linked to http://www.unifr.ch/ifaa/Public/EntryPage/TA98%20Tree/Entity%20TA98%20EN/01.1.00.005%20Entity%20TA98%20EN.htm
-- uses the newer mw.wikibase calls instead of directly using the snaks
-- formatPropertyValues returns a table with the P1323 values concatenated with ", " so we have to split them out into a table in order to construct the return string
p.getTAValue = function(frame)
	local ent = mw.wikibase.getEntity()
	local props = ent:formatPropertyValues('P1323')
	local out = {}
	local t = {}
	for k, v in pairs(props) do
		if k == 'value' then
			t = mw.text.split( v, ", ")
			for k2, v2 in pairs(t) do
				out[#out + 1] = "[http://www.unifr.ch/ifaa/Public/EntryPage/TA98%20Tree/Entity%20TA98%20EN/" .. string.sub(v2, 2) .. "%20Entity%20TA98%20EN.htm " .. v2 .. "]"
			end
		end
	end
	local ret = table.concat(out, "<br> ")
	if #ret == 0 then
		ret = "Invalid TA"
	end
	return ret
end

-- Local functions for getParentValues -----------------------

local function uc_first(word)
	return mw.ustring.upper(mw.ustring.sub(word, 1, 1)) .. mw.ustring.sub(word, 2)
end

local function getPropertyValue(id, property, parameter, langs, editicon, case)
	local snaks = mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(id, property)
	local mysnak = getSnak(snaks, {1, "mainsnak"})
	if mysnak == nil then
		return
	end
	
	local entity_id
	local result = '-' -- default for 'no value'
	if mysnak.datavalue then
		entity_id = "Q" .. tostring(mysnak.datavalue.value['numeric-id'])
		result, _ = getSnakValue(mysnak, {formatting=parameter, lang=langs, editicon=editicon, case=case})
	end
	
	return entity_id, result
end

local function getParentObjects(id,
	prop_format,
	label_format,
	languages, 
	propertySupString, 
	propertyLabel,
	propertyLink,
	labelShow,
	editicon,
	upto,
	upto_linkId,
	last_only,
	grammatical_case,
	include_self)
	
	if upto_linkId == nil then upto_linkId = "" end
	local upto_link_ids = {}
	for q in mw.text.gsplit(upto_linkId, '[^Q%d]') do
		upto_link_ids[resolveEntityId(q)] = true
	end
	local propertySups = mw.text.split(propertySupString, '[^P%d]')
	
	local lastlabel = uc_first(upto or '')
	local maxloop = tonumber(upto) or ((lastlabel .. upto_linkId) == '' and 10 or 50)
	
	local labelFilter = {}
	if labelShow then
		for _, v in ipairs(mw.text.split(labelShow, "/")) do
			labelFilter[uc_first(v)] = true
		end
	end
	
	local label_self
	_, label_self = getPropertyValue(id, propertyLabel, label_format, languages)
	
	local result = {}
	
	for iter = 1, maxloop do
		local link, label, linktext, _id, _link
		for _, propertySup in pairs(propertySups) do 	
			_id, _link = getPropertyValue(id, propertySup, prop_format, languages, editicon, grammatical_case)
			if _id and _link then id = _id; link = _link break end 
		end
		
		if not id or not link then break end
		
		if propertyLink then
			_, linktext = getPropertyValue(id, propertyLink, "label", languages)
			if linktext then
				link = mw.ustring.gsub(link, "%[%[(.*)%|.+%]%]", "[[%1|" .. linktext .. "]]")
			end
		end
		
		_, label = getPropertyValue(id, propertyLabel, label_format, languages, false, "infoboxlabel")
		
		if labelShow == nil or labelFilter[label] then
			result[#result + 1] = {label, link}
			
			if label then 
				labelFilter[label] = nil -- only first label found
			end
		end
		
		if label == lastlabel or upto_link_ids[id] then
			break
		end
	end
	
	if last_only then
		result = {result[#result]}
	end
	
	if include_self then table.insert(result, 1, {label_self, mw.title.getCurrentTitle().text}) end
	
	return result
end

local function parentObjectsToString(result,
	rowformat,
	cascade,
	sorting)
	
	local ret = {}
	local first = 1
	local last = #result
	local iter = 1
	if sorting == "-1" then first = #result; last = 1; iter = -1 end
	for i = first, last, iter do
		local rowtext = mw.ustring.gsub(rowformat, "$[01]", {["$0"] = result[i][1], ["$1"] = result[i][2]})
		ret[#ret +1] = expandBraces(rowtext, rowformat)
	end
	
	if cascade then
		local prefix = ""
		for i = 1, #ret do
			ret[i] = prefix .. "• " .. ret[i]
			prefix = prefix .. "&nbsp;"
		end
	end
	
	return ret
end

-- Returns pairs of instance label and property value fetching a recursive tree
function p.getParentValues(frame)
	if not required and frame.args and frame:getParent().args.sandbox then
		return require(wiki.module_title .. "/" .. mw.message.new('Sandboxlink-subpage-name'):inLanguage(wiki.langcode):plain()).getParentValues(frame)
	end
	local args = frame.args or frame -- via invoke or require
	local id = getEntityId(frame)
	if id == nil then return end
	local languages = findLang(args.lang)
	local propertySup = args.property; if not isSet(propertySup) then propertySup = "P131" end --administrative entity
	local propertyLabel = args.label; if not isSet(propertyLabel) then propertyLabel = "P31" end --instance
	local propertyLink = args.valuetext; if propertyLink == "" then propertyLink = nil end --internallink
	local property_format = args.formatting; if property_format == "" then property_format = nil end
	local label_format = args.labelformat; if not isSet(label_format) then label_format = "label" end
	local upto = args.upto; if upto == "" then upto = nil end
	local last_only = (args.last_only == "true" or args.last_only == "yes")
	local labelShow = args.labelshow; if labelShow == "" then labelShow = nil end
	local editicon = not (args.editicon == "false" or args.editicon == "no")
	local include_self = (args.include_self == "true" or args.include_self == "yes")
	local case = args.case; if case == "" then case = nil end
	
	if isSet(args.uptolabelid) then
		upto, _ = getLabelByLangs(args.uptolabelid, languages)
	end
	
	if isSet(args.showlabelid) then
		local showLabelList = {}
		for substring in mw.text.gsplit(args.showlabelid, '[^Q%d]') do
			table.insert(showLabelList, (getLabelByLangs(substring, languages)))
		end
		if #showLabelList > 0 then
			labelShow = table.concat(showLabelList,"/")
		end
	end
	
	local result = getParentObjects(id,
		property_format,
		label_format,
		languages, 
		propertySup, 
		propertyLabel,
		propertyLink,
		labelShow,
		editicon,
		upto,
		args.uptovalueid or args.uptolinkid,
		last_only,
		case,
		include_self)
	if #result == 0 then return end
	
	local rowformat = args.rowformat; if not isSet(rowformat) then rowformat = "$0 = $1" end
	local separator = args.separator; if not isSet(separator) then separator = "<br />" end
	local sorting = args.sorting; if sorting == "" then sorting = nil end
	local cascade = (args.cascade == "true" or args.cascade == "yes")
	
	local ret = parentObjectsToString(result,
		rowformat,
		cascade,
		sorting)
	ret = addEditIconTable(ret, {property=propertySup, editicon=editicon, id=id, lang=languages})
	return mw.text.listToText(ret, separator, separator)
end

-- Link with a parent label --------------------
function p.linkWithParentLabel(frame)
	if not required and frame.args and isSet(frame:getParent().args.sandbox) then
		return require(wiki.module_title .. "/" .. mw.message.new('Sandboxlink-subpage-name'):inLanguage(wiki.langcode):plain()).linkWithParentLabel(frame)
	end
	local args = {}
	if frame.args then
		for k, v in pairs(frame.args) do -- metatable
			args[k] = v
		end
	else
		args = frame -- via require
	end
	if isSet(args.value) then
		return args.value
	end
	
	-- get id value of property/qualifier
	local largs = mw.clone(args)
	largs.list = tonumber(args.list) and args.list or "true"
	largs.formatting = "raw"
	largs.separator = "/·/"
	largs.editicon = "false"
	local items_list, _ = p.claim(largs)
	if not isSet(items_list) then return end
	local items_table = mw.text.split(items_list, "/·/", true)
	
	-- get internal link of property/qualifier
	largs.formatting = "internallink"
	local link_list, _ = p.claim(largs)
	local link_table = mw.text.split(link_list, "/·/", true)
	
	-- get label of parent property
	local parent_claim = getSnak(getStatements(items_table[1], args.parent, true), {1, "mainsnak", "datatype"})
	if parent_claim == 'monolingualtext' then
		largs.formatting = nil
		largs.list = 'lang'
	else
		largs.formatting = "label"
		largs.list = "false"
	end
	largs.property = args.parent
	largs.qualifier = nil
	for i, v in ipairs(items_table) do
		largs.item = v
		local link_label, _ = p.claim(largs)
		if isSet(link_label) then
			link_table[i] = mw.ustring.gsub(link_table[i] or '', "%[%[(.*)%|.+%]%]", "[[%1|" .. link_label .. "]]")
		end
	end
	args.editicon = not (args.editicon == "false" or args.editicon == "no")
	args.id = getEntityId(frame)
	args.lang = findLang(args.lang)
	return mw.text.listToText(link_table) .. addEditIcon(args)
end

-- Calculate number of years old ----------------------------
function p.yearsOld(frame)
	if not required and frame.args and frame:getParent().args.sandbox then
		return require(wiki.module_title .. "/" .. mw.message.new('Sandboxlink-subpage-name'):inLanguage(wiki.langcode):plain()).yearsOld(frame)
	end
	local args = frame.args or frame -- via invoke or require
	local id = getEntityId(frame)
	local lang = mw.language.new('en')
	
	local function getBestValue(id, prop)
		local snak_value = getSnak(mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(id, prop), {1, "mainsnak", "datavalue", "value"})
		return snak_value
	end
	
	local birth = getBestValue(id, 'P569')
	if type(birth) ~= 'table' or birth.time == nil or birth.precision == nil or birth.precision < 8 then
		return
	end
	local death = getBestValue(id, 'P570')
	if type(death) ~= 'table' or death.time == nil or death.precision == nil then
		death = {['time'] = lang:formatDate('c'), ['precision'] = 11} -- current date
	elseif death.precision < 8 then
		return
	end
	
	local dates = {}
	dates[1] = {['min'] = {}, ['max'] = {}, ['precision'] = birth.precision}
	dates[1].min.year = tonumber(mw.ustring.match(birth.time, "^[+-]?%d+"))
	dates[1].min.month = tonumber(mw.ustring.match(birth.time, "\-(%d%d)\-"))
	dates[1].min.day = tonumber(mw.ustring.match(birth.time, "\-(%d%d)T"))
	dates[1].max = mw.clone(dates[1].min)
	dates[2] = {['min'] = {}, ['max'] = {}, ['precision'] = death.precision}
	dates[2].min.year = tonumber(mw.ustring.match(death.time, "^[+-]?%d+"))
	dates[2].min.month = tonumber(mw.ustring.match(death.time, "\-(%d%d)\-"))
	dates[2].min.day = tonumber(mw.ustring.match(death.time, "\-(%d%d)T"))
	dates[2].max = mw.clone(dates[2].min)
	
	for i, d in ipairs(dates) do
		if d.precision == 10 then -- month
			d.min.day = 1
			local timestamp = string.format("%04d", tostring(math.abs(d.max.year)))
				.. string.format("%02d", tostring(d.max.month))
				.. "01"
			d.max.day = tonumber(lang:formatDate("j", timestamp .. " + 1 month - 1 day"))
		elseif d.precision < 10 then -- year or decade
			d.min.day = 1
			d.min.month = 1
			d.max.day = 31
			d.max.month = 12
			if d.precision == 8 then -- decade
				d.max.year = d.max.year + 9
			end
		end
	end
	
	local function age(d1, d2)
		local years = d2.year - d1.year
		if d2.month < d1.month or (d2.month == d1.month and d2.day < d1.day) then
			years = years - 1
		end
		if d2.year > 0 and d1.year < 0 then
			years = years - 1 -- no year 0
		end
		return years
	end
	
	local old_min = age(dates[1].max, dates[2].min)
	local old_max = age(dates[1].min, dates[2].max)
	local old, old_expr
	if old_min == 0 and old_max == 0 then
		old = "< 1"
		old_max = 1 -- expression in singular
	elseif old_min == old_max then
		old = old_min
	else
		old = old_min .. "/" .. old_max
	end
	if args.formatting == 'unit' then
		local langs = findLang(args.lang)
		local yo, yo_sg, yo_pl, yo_pau
		if langs[1] == wiki.langcode then
			yo_sg = i18n["years-old"].singular
			yo_pl = i18n["years-old"].plural
			yo_pau = i18n["years-old"].paucal
		end
		if not isSet(yo_pl) then
			yo_pl, _ = getLabelByLangs('Q24564698', langs)
			yo_sg = yo_pl
		end
		if not isSet(yo_pau) then
			yo_pau = yo_pl
		end
		yo = mw.language.new(langs[1]):plural(old_max, {yo_sg, yo_pau, yo_pl})
		if mw.ustring.find(yo, '$1', 1, true) then
			old_expr = mw.ustring.gsub(yo, "$1", old)
		else
			old_expr = old .. '&nbsp;' .. yo
		end
	elseif args.formatting then
		old_expr = expandBraces(mw.ustring.gsub(args.formatting, '$1', old), args.formatting)
	else
		old_expr = old
	end
	
	return old_expr
end

-- Gets a label in a given language (content language by default) or its fallbacks, optionnally linked.
function p.getLabel(frame)
	if not required and frame.args and frame:getParent().args.sandbox then
		return require(wiki.module_title .. "/" .. mw.message.new('Sandboxlink-subpage-name'):inLanguage(wiki.langcode):plain()).getLabel(frame)
	end
	local args = frame.args or frame -- via invoke or require
	local id = getEntityId(frame, true)
	if id == nil then return end
	local editicon = not (args.editicon == "false" or args.editicon == "no") and mw.wikibase.isValidEntityId(id)
	
	local label_icon = ''
	local label, lang
	if args.label then
		label = args.label
	else
		local languages = findLang(args.lang)
		-- exceptions or labels fixed
		local exist, labels = pcall(require, wiki.module_title .. "/labels" .. (languages[1] == wiki.langcode and '' or '/' .. languages[1]))
		if exist and next(labels.infoboxLabelsFromId) ~= nil then
			label = labels.infoboxLabelsFromId[id]
		end
		
		if label == nil then
			label, lang = getLabelByLangs(id, languages)
			if label then
				if args.itemgender and feminineGender(args.itemgender) then
					label = feminineForm(id, lang) or label
				end
				label = mw.language.new(lang):ucfirst(mw.text.nowiki(label)) -- sanitize
			end
			label_icon = addLabelIcon(id, lang, languages[1], editicon)
		end
	end
	
	local linked = args.linked
	if isSet(linked) and linked ~= "no" then
		local article = mw.wikibase.getSitelink(id) or ("d:Special:EntityPage/" .. id)
		return "[[" .. article .. "|" .. (label or id) .. "]]" .. label_icon, not required and '' or untranslated
	else
		return (label or id) .. label_icon, not required and '' or untranslated
	end
end

-- Utilities -----------------------------
-- See also module ../debug.

-- Copied from Module:Wikibase
function p.getSiteLink(frame)
	local id = getEntityId(frame, 1)
	if id == nil then
		return
	end
	return mw.wikibase.getSitelink(id, mw.text.trim(frame.args[2] or ''))
end

-- Helper function for the default language code used
function p.lang(frame)
	local lang = frame and frame.args[1] -- nil via require
	return findLang(lang)[1]
end

-- Number of statements
function p.numStatements(frame)
	local id = getEntityId(frame)
	if id == nil then return 0 end
	local prop = mw.text.trim(frame.args[1])
	local num = {}
	if frame.args[2] then -- qualifier
		local qual = mw.text.trim(frame.args[2])
		local values = p.claim{item=id, property=prop, qualifier=qual, formatting='raw', separator='/·/'}
		if values then
			num = mw.text.split(values, '/·/')
		end
	else
		num = mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(id, prop)
	end
	return #num
end

-- Returns true if property datavalue is found excluding novalue/somevalue
function p.validProperty(frame)
	local property = mw.text.trim(frame.args[1])
	local item = getEntityId(frame)
	if item == nil then return end
	local prop_data = getSnak(mw.wikibase.getBestStatements(item, property), {1, "mainsnak", "datavalue"})
	return prop_data and true or nil
end

return p