Arthur Conan Doyle

Arthur Conan Doyle

Sir Arthur Ignatius Conan Doyle (1859ko maiatzaren 22a - 1930eko uztailaren 7a) Edinburghen jaiotako idazle eskoziar ezaguna, Sherlock Holmes pertsonaia (1887), mundu osoan ezagutzen den fikziozko detektibea, sortzeagatik ospetsu egin zena. Berari esker, detektibeen eleberriak izugarrizko bultzada jasan zuen, Sherlock Holmesen bitartez. Eleberri mota honen aitzindaria Edgar Allan Poe izan zen, berak sortutako Auguste Dupin detektibearen eskutik. Baina, Sherlock Holmesek eleberri mota hau herrikoi bihurtu zuen. Baina Doylek kasualitatez sortu egin zuen Sherlock Holmes.

Bizitza

Doyle Edinburghen 1859ko maiatzaren 22an jaio zen. Bere aita, Charles Altmont Doyle, estatuko funtzionarioa zen, baita margolaria ere noizean behin; bere amak, berriz, etxean lan egiten zuen baina literatura asko gustatzen zitzaion, eta horregatik bere eragina oso handia izan zen Doylerengan.

Edinburgh-eko Unibertsitatean ikasi zuen Medikuntza. Bertan zegoela, Joseph Bell irakaslea ezagutu zuen. Irakasle honek joko analitikoak praktikatzen zituen bere ikasle eta pazienteen artean. Lehenengoz gaixoaren gaixotasuna esaten zuen igarpen hurbilduarekin eta ondoren, bere jatorria, familia, gustuak eta manerak. Irakasle honek eragin handia izan zuen Doylerengan eta, Sherlock Holmesen sorkuntzari bidea eman zion.

Doylek 1885ean doktoratu egin zen eta, urte berean, Louise Hawkinsekin ezkondu egin zen, baina zoritxarrez, tuberkulosiak jota hil egin zen 1906ko uztailaren 4an.

Bere kontsultak ez zion ematen ondo bizitzeko adina diru, eta noizean behin eleberri txikiak idazten zituen. 1886an, izugarrizko eskaria izan zuen, Word & Lock etxeak 25 libera eskaini zizkion “ A Study in Scarlet” izenburuko liburu bat idazten bazuen. Nahiz eta eskaintza dohakabea izan, Doylek onartu egin zuen eta horrela hasi zen Sherlock Holmes sorrera.

Jakin beharra dago, ez Sherlock Holmes ez Dr. John H. Watson ez ziren horrela deituko hasiera batean. Sherlock hasiera batean Sherrinford izan zen, eta Watson, berriz, Ormond Sacker, baina azkenengo momentuan aldatu egin zituen. Gainera ez ziren 221B Baker Street helbidean biziko, baizik eta 221B Upper Baker Street-en.

Liburuen narratzailea Watson doktorea da, baina askoren ustez, Doyle bera da, hau da, Watson doktorea bera da istorioaren barnean (alter ego). Sherlock Holmes, berriz, Joseph Bellen “alter ego” da.

Sherlock Holmesen fama ez zen bat-batean gauzatu, bi urte pasa behar ziren fama hori lortzeko. Behin fama lortuta, Doyle nobelagile famatu bilakatu zen. Hortik aurrera, Sherlock Holmesen gainerako abenturak “Strand Magazine”an argitaratu zituen.

1893an, Sherlock Holmes hiltzea erabaki zuen, “hedadura handiko lanak” egiteko asmoz. Erabaki horrek ondorio latzak sortarazi zituen: bere amak hitz egiteari uko egin zion, irakasleak bere etxea eta “Strand Magazine”ko bulegoak setiatu zituzten, mehatxatuak jaso zituen, eta munduan zehar Sherlock Holmesen aldeko erakundeak sortu egin ziren. Arthur ahaztu egin zitzaion: “heroi bat hiltzen baduzu, mito bati bizia ematen buruzko”. Horrexegatik bere sorkaria berpiztea erabaki zuen eta berari buruzko istorioak idazten jarraitu zuen ,1907an ,Jean Leckierekin ezkondu zen.

Bere azkeneko urteak gizon nekatu eta mindu batenak izan ziren. Azken urte hauetan ideia enpiristei jarraitu zien eta haren munduan sinesten hasi zen, horregatik idatzi zuen “The Coming of the Fairies” liburua. 1930eko uztailaren 7an, bihotzeko batez hil egin zen bere Sussex-eko etxean, bere emazte Jeani esanez: «guztien artean abenturarik handien eta loriatsueneruntz noa».

Sherlock Holmes pertsonaiari buruzko liburuak

• A Study in Scarlet (1887)
• The Sign of Four (1890)
• The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes (1892)
• The Memoirs of Sherlock Holmes (1894)
• "The Field Bazaar" (short-story) (1896)
• "The Adventure of the Tall Man" (unfinished short-story) (perhaps 1900)
• The Hound of the Baskervilles (1902)
• The Return of Sherlock Holmes (1905)
• The Valley of Fear (1915)
• His Last Bow (1917)
• "How Watson Learned the Trick" (short-story) (1924)
• The Case-Book of Sherlock Holmes (1927)

Professor Challenger pertsonaiari buruzko istorioak

• The Lost World (1912)
• The Poison Belt (1913)
• The Land of Mist (1926)
• "When the World Screamed" (short story, 1928)
• "The Disintegration Machine" (short story, 1929)

Eleberri historikoa

• Micah Clarke (1888)
• The White Company (1891)
• The Great Shadow (1892)
• The Refugees (publ. 1893, written 1892)
• Rodney Stone (1896)
• Uncle Bernac (1897)
• Sir Nigel (1906)

Beste eleberri batzuk

• The Mystery of Cloomber (1889)
• The Firm of Girdlestone (1890)
• The Parasite (1894)
• The Stark Munro Letters (1895)
• The Doings of Raffles Haw (1891)
• Beyond the City (1892)
• The Tragedy of the Korosko (1898)
• A Duet, with an Occasional Chorus (1899)
• The Maracot Deep (1929)

Operetta

• Jane Annie, or the Good Conduct Prize (1893) with J. M. Barrie & Ernest Ford

Poesia

• Songs of Action (1898)
• Songs of the Road (1911)
• The Guards Came Through, and Other Poems (1919)

Istorio laburrak

• "The Mystery of Sasassa Valley" (1879)
• "The American's Tale" (1880)
• "A Night Among the Nihilists" (1881)
• "That Little Square Box" (1881)
• "The Gully of Bluemansdyke" (1881)
• "Bones, The April Fool of Harvey's Sluice" (1882)
• "My Friend the Murderer" (1882)
• "Our Derby Sweepstakes" (1882)
• "That Veteran" (1882)
• "An Actor's Duel and the Winning Shot" (1883)
• "An Exciting Christmas Eve or, My Lecture on Dynamite" (1883)
• "Gentlemanly Joe" (1883)
• "Selecting a Ghost" (1883)
• "The Captain of the Pole-Star" (1883)
• "The Silver Hatchet" (1883)
• "The Winning Shot" (1883)
• "J. Habakuk Jephson's Statement" (1884)
• "John Barrington Cowles" (1884)
• "The Cabman's Story: the Mysteries of a London 'Growler'" (1884)
• "The Heiress of Glenmahowley" (1884)
• "The Tragedians" (1884)
• "The Fate of the Evangeline" (1885)
• "The Great Keinplatz Experiment" (1885)
• "The Lonely Hampshire Cottage" (1885)
• "The Man from Archangel" (1885)
• "The Parson of Jackman's Gulch" (1885)
• "Cyprian Overbeck Wells : A Literary Mosaic" (1886)
• "Touch and Go: A Midshipman's Story" (1886)
• "The Stone of Boxman's Drift" (1887)
• "Uncle Jeremy's Household" (1887)
• "John Huxford's Hiatus" (1888)
• "A Pastoral Horror" (1890)
• "A Physiologist's Wife" (1890)
• "The Ring of Thoth" (1890)
• "The Surgeon of Gaster Fell" (1890)
• "A False Start" (1891)
• "A Sordid Affair" (1891)
• "A Straggler of '15" (1891)
• "Our Midnight Visitor" (1891)
• "The Voice of Science" (1891)
• "The Colonel's Choice" (1891)
• "A Question of Diplomacy" (1892)
• "A Regimental Scandal" (1892)
• "De Profundis" (1892)
• "Jelland's Voyage" (1892)
• "Lot No. 249" (1892)
• "Out of the Running" (1892)
• "The Great Brown-Pericord Motor" (1892)
• "The Los Amigos Fiasco" (1892)
• "The Case of Lady Sannox" (1893)
• "The Green Flag" (1893)
• "The Slapping Sal" (1893)
• "A Foreign Office Romance" (1894)
• "A Medical Document" (1894)
• "Behind the Times" (1894)
• "His First Operation" (1894)
• "Sweethearts" (1894)
• "The Curse of Eve" (1894)
• "The Doctors of Hoyland" (1894)
• "The Lord of Chateau Noir" (1894)
• "The Surgeon Talks" (1894)
• "The Third Generation" (1894)
• "The Recollections of Captain Wilkie" (1895)
• "The Three Correspondents" (1896)
• "The Fiend of the Cooperage" (1897)
• "The Striped Chest" (1897)
• "A Shadow Before" (1898)
• "The Club-Footed Grocer" (1898)
• "The Confession" (1898)
• "The Beetle-Hunter" (1898)
• "The Black Doctor" (1898)
• "The Brazilian Cat" (1898)
• "The King of the Foxes" (1898)
• "The Lost Special" (1898)
• "The Man with the Watches" (1898)
• "The New Catacomb" (1898)
• "The Retirement of Signor Lambert" (1898)
• "The Sealed Room" (1898)
• "A True Story of the Tragedy of Flowery Land" (1899)
• "B.24" (1899)
• "The Croxley Master" (1899)
• "The Brown Hand" (1899)
• "The Japanned Box" (1899)
• "The Jew's Breastplate" (1899)
• "The Usher of Lea House School" (1899)
• "An Impression of the Regency" (1900)
• "Playing with Fire" (1900)
• "The Debut of Bimbashi Joyce" (1900)
• "The Leather Funnel" (1902)
• "The Pot of Caviare" (1908)
• "The Silver Mirror" (1908)
• "The Home-Coming" (1909)
• "The Lord of Falconbridge" (1909)
• "The Coming of the Huns" (1910)
• "The First Cargo" (1910)
• "The Last Galley" (1910)
• "The Last of the Legions" (1910)
• "The Terror of Blue John Gap" (1910)
• "Through the Veil" (1910)
• "An Iconoclast" (1911)
• "Giant Maximin" (1911)
• "One Crowded Hour (A Pirate Of The Land)" (1911)
• "The Contest" (1911)
• "The Red Star" (1911)
• "The Fall of Lord Barrymore" (1912)
• "Borrowed Scenes" (1913)
• "How It Happened" (1913)
• "The Horror of the Heights" (1913)
• "Danger!" (1914)
• "The Prisoner's Defence" (1916)
• "A Point of View" (1918)
• "Speculations" (1918)
• "Three of Them" (1918)
• "The Nightmare Room" (1921)
• "The Centurion" (1922)
• "The Lift" (1922)
• "Spedegue's Dropper" (1929)
• "The Death Voyage" (1929)
• "The End of Devil Hawker" (1930)
• "The Last Resource" (1930)
• "The Parish Magazine" (1930)

Captain Sharkey pertsonaiari buruzkoak

• "How the Governor of Saint Kitt's Came Home" (1897)
• "The Dealings of Captain Sharkey with Stephen Craddock" (1897)
• "How Copley Banks Slew Captain Sharkey" (1897)
• "The Blighting of Sharkey" (1911)

Istorio laburren bildumak

• The Captain of the Polestar, and other tales (1890)
• My Friend the Murderer and Other Mysteries and Adventures (1893)
• Round the Red Lamp (1894)
• The Exploits of Brigadier Gerard (1896)
• The Green Flag and Other Stories of War and Sport (1900)
• The Adventures of Gerard (1903)
• Round the Fire Stories (1908)
• The Last Galley (1911)
• Danger! and Other Stories (1918)
• The Great Keinplatz Experiment and Other Tales of Twilight and the Unseen (1919)
• Tales of Terror & Mystery (1923)
• The Black Doctor and Other Tales of Terror and Mystery (1925)
• The Dealings of Captain Sharkey (1925)
• The Man from Archangel and Other Tales of Adventure (1925)

Ez-fikziozkoak

• The Great Boer War (1900)
• The War in South Africa - Its Cause and Conduct (1902)
• Through the Magic Door (1907), a memoir of the books in Doyle's library.
• The Crime of the Congo (1909)
• The Case of Oscar Slater (1912)
• The British Campaign in France and Flanders (1916-20)
• The New Revelation (1918)
• The Vital Message (1919)
• The Wanderings of a Spiritualist (1921)
• The Coming of the Fairies (1921)
• Memories and Adventures (1924)
• The Case for Spirit Photography (1925)
• The History of Spiritualism (1926)
• The Edge of the Unknown (1930)
• Dangerous Work: Diary of an Arctic Adventure (2012), a previously unpublished diary of Doyle's experience as ship's surgeon aboard the Arctic whaler Hope.

Kanpo loturak

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